Home Articles List Article Information
International Journal of Behavioral Sciences
Journal Archive
Volume Volume 12 (2018-2019)
Volume Volume 11 (2017-2018)
Volume Volume 10 (2016-2017)
Volume Volume 9 (2015-2016)
Volume Volume 8 (2014-2015)
Volume Volume 7 (2013-2014)
Volume Volume 6 (2012-2013)
Volume Volume 5 (2011-2012)
Volume Volume 4 (2010-2011)
Volume Volume 3 (2009-2010)
Volume Volume 2 (2008-2009)
Volume Volume 1 (2007-2008)
Rostami, S., Jowkar, B. (2016). The relationship between guilt and shame feelings with the dimensions of loneliness: The moderating effect of gender. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 10(1), 72-76.
Samira Rostami; Bahram Jowkar. "The relationship between guilt and shame feelings with the dimensions of loneliness: The moderating effect of gender". International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 10, 1, 2016, 72-76.
Rostami, S., Jowkar, B. (2016). 'The relationship between guilt and shame feelings with the dimensions of loneliness: The moderating effect of gender', International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 10(1), pp. 72-76.
Rostami, S., Jowkar, B. The relationship between guilt and shame feelings with the dimensions of loneliness: The moderating effect of gender. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 2016; 10(1): 72-76.

The relationship between guilt and shame feelings with the dimensions of loneliness: The moderating effect of gender

Article 5, Volume 10, Issue 1, Spring 2016, Page 72-76  XML PDF (261.71 K)
Authors
Samira Rostami email ; Bahram Jowkar
Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Similar to social and conscious emotions, shame and guilt have gained increasing attention because of their eminent emotional, motivational, and cognitive functions that ultimately guide human beings' perception and behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between shame and guilt feelings with the dimensions of loneliness (familial, social, and romantic).Methods: For conducting this study, 398 grade 12 high school students (218 girls and 180 boys) were selected using the randomized multistage cluster sampling method in Shiraz. Cohen's Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale and the Social-Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (Short Form) were used for data collection. The validity and reliability of the measures were evaluated.Results: Results revealed that guilt feeling could positively predict familial, social, and romantic loneliness. Moreover, guilt could negatively predict social and familial loneliness. Furthermore it was observed that gender had a mediating effect on the studied relationships. By comparing both genders the results obtained by the girls were congruent with the total score while the results were different regarding the boys.Conclusion: Conclusively, we found that shame and guilt feelings predict the dimensions of loneliness differently and thus this study provides evidence in line with differentiating the effects of these feelings.Keywords: Shame, Guilt, Familial Loneliness, Social Loneliness, Romantic Loneliness
References
  1. References
  2. Bierhoff, H. (2002). Prosocial behavior. USA & Canada, taylor & Francis Inc/New York, NY 10001.
  3. Chentsova-Dutton, E., L. Tsai., Gender differences in emotional response among European Americans and Hmong Americans. COGNITION AND EMOTION 2007, 21 (1), 162_181.
  4. Buchholz ES, Catton R (1999). Adolescents' perceptions of aloneness and loneliness. Adolescence, 34(133):203–213.
  5. Cohen, T.R. Wolf, S.T. Panter, A.T. Insko, C.A. Introducing the GASP Scale: A New Measure of Guilt and Shame Proneness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2011,Vol. 100, No. 5,947-966.
  6. Chentsova-Dutton, E., Tsai., L. Gender differences in emotional response among European Americans and Hmong Americans. COGNITION AND EMOTION 2007, 21 (1), 162_181.
  7. Davidson,M . N.,& Greenhalgh, L. (1999). The role of emotion in negotiation: The impact of anger and race.research on Negotiation in organizations, 7,3-26.
  8. Ditommaso,E,Brannen, C. & Best, L. A. (2004). “ measurement and validity characteristics of the short version of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adult”. Educational and Psychological Measurement., Vol.64, No. 1,pp.99-119.
  9. Fabrice Teroni & Julien A. Deonna.(2008). “Defferentiating Shame from Guilt”. Journal of Consciousness and Cognition., Vol.17(3): 725-740.
  10. Geranett,D.(1998). Loneliness,shame and attachment.A Dissertation in Counseling Psychology,Peresented to the Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement For the Degree.Doctor of Philosophy.
  11. Harder, D. W., & Lewis, S. J. (1987). The assessment of shame and guilt. In Butcher, J. N. & Spienlberger, C. D. (Eds.), Advances in Personality Assessment (pp. 89-114). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  12. Harder, D. H., & Zalma, A. (1990). Two promising shame and guilt scales: Aconstruct validity comparison . Journal of Personality Assessment, 55, 729-745.
  13. Hess, U., Sene´cal, S., Kirouac, G., Herrera, P., Phillipot, P., & Kleck, R. E. (2000). Emotional expressivity in men and women: Stereotypes and self-perception. Cognition and Emotion, 14,609_642.
  14. Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  15. Izard, C . E.(1977). Human emotions. New York: Pienum press.
  16. Kaufman, G. (1989). The psychology of shame: Theory and treatment of shame-based syndromes. NewYork: Springer Publishing.
  17. Kraus, L. A.,Davis, M. H. Bazzini, D., Church ,M., &Kirchman, C.M.(1993)."Personal and Social Influences on Loneliness: The Mediating Effect of Social Provisions".Social Psychology Quarterly., Vol.56,No.1,pp.37-53.
  18. Krejcie, R, V. & Morgan D, W .Educational and Psychological Measurement,1970, 30, 607-610.
  19. Lewis, H. B. (1971). Shame and guilt in neurosis. New York: International Universities Press.
  20. Lindsay-Hartz, J. (1984). Contrasting experiences of guilt and shame. The American Behavioral Scientist, 27(6), 689-704. Retrieved from ABI/Inform Global database.
  21. Lutwak.Nita ,Panish.Jaquelin , Ferrary.Joseph , (2003). Shame and guilt:characterologicalvs.behaviorial self-blame and their relationship to fear of intimacy.Personality& Individual Diffrences,35,909-916.
  22. Marcoen, A., & Brumagne, M. (1985). Loneliness among Children and Young Adolescents, Developmental Psychology, 21(6), 1025-[3].
  23. Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982).Perspective onloneliness. In L. Peplau& D. Perlman (Eds.),Loneliness (pp. 1-18). New York: John Wiley &Sons.
  24. Plant, E. A., Hyde, J. S., Keltner, D., & Devine, P. G. (2000). The gender stereotyping of
  25. emotions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, 81_92.
  26. Stoppard, J. M., & Gruchy, C. G. (1993). Gender, context, and expression of positive emotions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19(2), 143_150.
  27. Tangney, J. P., & Fisher, K. W. (1995). Self-conscious emotions: shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride. New York:Guilford Press.
  28. Tangney, J. P.(2000). Couples in conflict: constructive vs. destructive responses to everyday anger. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Research on Aggression, Valensia, Spain.
  29. Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L.(2004). Shame and guilt. The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. Ne w York.
  30. Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P., Fletcher, C., & Gramzow (1992). Shamed into anger? The relation of shame and guilt to anger and self reported aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(4), 669- 675.
  31. Tangney, J. P. (2004). Shame & guilt. The Guilford Press: New York, London.
  32. Tangney, J. P. (2005). Self-Relevant Emotions. In M. R Leary, & J. P. Tangney (Eds), Handbook of self and identity ( pp384-400). New York: Gilford press.
  33. Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., &Mashek, D. J. (2007).Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345–372.doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145.
  34. Tomkins,S. S. (1964). What and wher are the primery affects? Som evidence for a theory. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 18, 119-158.
  35. Tracy, J.L., & Robins, R.W. (2004). Show your pride: Evidence for discrete emotion expression. Psychological Science, 15, 194–197.
  36. Weiss, R, S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation, Cambridge. MA MIT Press.
Statistics
Article View: 1
PDF Download: 1