International Journal of Behavioral Sciences

International Journal of Behavioral Sciences

A Structural Model of the Relationship between Glückschmerz and Personality Traits: The Mediating Role of Virtual Space Use Among Students in Hamedan

Document Type : Original Article

Author
zohreh hamian
Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Sa.c, Iran.
10.30491/ijbs.2026.555421.2280
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to examine a structural model explaining the relationships between personality traits and Glückschmerz, with the mediating role of virtual space use among high school students in Hamedan.
Method: The statistical population consisted of all upper‑secondary students during the 2024-2025 academic year. A total sample of 400 participants was selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Measurement instruments included the NEO Five‑Factor Inventory (NEO‑FFI), the Virtual Space Usage Scale, and the Glückschmerz Scale. The validity and reliability of the instruments were confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and convergent validity indices. Data analysis was performed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‑SEM) in SmartPLS 4.
Results: Goodness‑of‑fit statistics indicated an acceptable model fit (GOF = 0.712, Q² = 0.215). Path analyses showed significant direct effects of personality traits on virtual space use (β = 0.47) and Glückschmerz (β = 0.26), as well as a direct effect of virtual space on Glückschmerz (β = 0.52). Mediation tests revealed that virtual space transmitted a significant indirect effect of personality traits on Glückschmerz (β_indirect = 0.244, CI [0.181, 0.312]).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that personality traits substantially shape patterns of digital engagement, which, in turn, may intensify complex social emotions such as Glückschmerz in adolescents.
Keywords
Personality Traits, Virtual Space, Glü
ckschmerz
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International Journal of Behavioral Sciences
Volume 19, Issue 4
Winter 2026
Pages 222-231