The Prediction of Psychological Well-Being Based on Gratitude, Social Support and Self-Esteem

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Yasouj, Yasouj, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of psychological well-being based on gratitude, social support and self-esteem among students.
Method: This research was a non-experimental and correlation study. The statistical population of the study included all bachelor students of Yasouj University in the academic year of 2019-2020, among whom 360 were selected through a random cluster sampling method. Data were collected using Gratitude Questionnaire, Social Support Scale, Self-esteem Scale and Psychological Wellbeing Scale. Cronbach's alpha was applied to check the reliability in which the results indicated an appropriate reliability for these scales.
Results: The findings of this study showed that there was a correlation between variables including gratitude, social support, self-esteem and psychological well-being. In addition, gratitude, social support and self-esteem significantly predicted psychological well-being.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study it can be concluded that grateful people who have social support, with high self-esteem experience a higher level of psychological well-being.

Keywords


  1. Tamanaeifar M, Salami Mohammadabadi F, Dashtbanzadeh S. Investigating the relationship between psychological well-being and social support and happiness.Behavioral Sciences. 2013;5(18):53-74.
  2. Aghababaei N, Farahani H. The role of trait gratitude in predicting psychological and subjective well-being. Developmental Pscychology Iranian Psychologist. 2012;8(29):75-85.
  3. Liu J, Gong P, Gao X, Zhou X. The association between well-being and the COMT gene: Dispositional gratitude and forgiveness as mediators. Journal of affective disorders. 2017;214:115-21.
  4. Manoochehri A, Behroozi N, Shehni Yeylagh M, Maktabi G. Testing the model of the relationship between positive perfectionism and negative life events with coping styles and psychological well-being: The mediating role of psychological capital Developmental Pscychology Iranian Psychologist. 2019;15(60):419-34.
  5. Mehrotra S, Tripathi R, Banu H. Psychological well-being: Reflections on an elusive construct and its assessment. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. 2013;39(2):189-95.
  6. Chan DW. Subjective well-being of Hong Kong Chinese teachers: The contribution of gratitude, forgiveness, and the orientations to happiness. Teaching and Teacher Education. 2013;32:22-30.
  7. Ryff CD. Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics. 2014;83(1):10-28.
  8. McCullough ME, Emmons RA, Tsang JA. The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002;82(1):112–27.
  9. Froh JJ, Yurkewicz C, Kashdan TB. Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences. Journal of adolescence. 2009;32(3):633-50.
  10. Yu H, Gao X, Zhou Y, Zhou X. Decomposing gratitude: representation and integration of cognitive antecedents of gratitude in the brain. Journal of Neuroscience. 2018;38(21):4886-98.
  11. Grant AM, Gino F. A little thanks goes a long way: Explaining why gratitude expressions motivate prosocial behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology. 2010;98(6):946-55.
  12. Măirean C, Turliuc MN, Arghire D. The relationship between trait gratitude and psychological wellbeing in university students: The mediating role of affective state and the moderating role of state gratitude. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2019;20(5):1359-77.
  13. Geng Y. Gratitude mediates the effect of emotional intelligence on subjective well-being: A structural equation modeling analysis. Journal of health psychology. 2018;23(10):1378-86.
  14. Sadoghi M, Hesampour F. Predicting Psychological Well-Being Based on Gratitude and Meaning in Life among Medical Sciences Students. Medical Ethics Journal. 2018;11(42):79-89.
  15. Ramzan N, Rana SA. Expression of gratitude and subjective well-being among university teachers. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 2014;21(5):756-62.
  16. Wood AM, Joseph S, Maltby J. Gratitude predicts psychological well-being above the Big Five facets. Personality and Individual differences. 2009;46(4):443-7.
  17. Tavan B, Jahani F, Rafeei M. The relationship between self-esteem and happiness among students of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2014;14(6):474-82.
  18. Rajabi GR, Alibazi H, Jamali A, Abassi G. Relationship between self-esteem, social support with mental health in Shahid Chamran University students of Ahvaz. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies. 2015;12(21):83-104.
  19. Menon M. Self-esteem: An Evolutionary-Developmental Approach. World Scientific News. 2017(66):225-37.
  20. Moradi M, Hosen Chari M, Solemani Khashab A, Dehghani Zadeh M. Predicting the dimensions of students' psychological well-being based on the dimensions of attachment style and self-esteem. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies. 2014;11(20):135-74.
  21. Beshlideh K, Sheykh Shabani S, Designing and testing a model of precedents and outcomes of psychological empowerment. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2014;8(4):383-94.
  22. Kazemi majd Z, Kazemi majd S, Mohammadi GA, Jabari N. Study on the effect of spiritual well- being on the self- esteem and happiness of student –teachers (teacher training university in Gorgan-2017)

Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal (RRJ). 2019;7(12):115-28.

  1. Odacı H, Kınık Ö. Evaluation of early adolescent subjective well-being in terms of submissive behavior and self-esteem. Journal of Social Service Research. 2019;45(4):558-69.
  2. Yang Q, Tian L, Huebner ES, Zhu X. Relations among academic achievement, self-esteem, and subjective well-being in school among elementary school students: A longitudinal mediation model. School Psychology. 2019;34(3):328-40.
  3. Han JH. The effects of Leisure activity, Self esteem, Achievement on Mental Wellbeing among the Aged. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 2018;19(11):645-52.
  4. Brajsa-Zganec A, Lipovcan LK, Ivanovic D, Larsen ZP. Well-being of nursing students: role of affect regulation, self-esteem, family cohesion and social support. The Open Public Health Journal. 2017;10(1):69-79.
  5. Fang L, Zha Y-y, Liang H-y, Yang C, Zheng X. Relationship among serf-concept clarity, social support, self-esteem and subjective well-being in secondary vocational school students. Chinese Mental Health Journal. 2017;31(11):896-901.
  6. Ghaedi G, Yaaghoobi H. A study on the relationship between different dimensions of perceived social support and different aspects of well being university students. Armaghane-danesh. 2008;13(2):69-81.
  7. Papadopoulos K, Papakonstantinou D, Koutsoklenis A, Koustriava E, Kouderi V. Social support, social networks, and happiness of individuals with visual impairments. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin. 2015;58(4):240-9.
  8. Rajabi G. The study of psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale Perceived Social Support. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2012;5(4):357-64.
  9. Ansari O, Shafipour V, Heidari Gorji MA, Mohammadpour RA. association between subjective wellbeing and perceived social support and spiritual well-being in hemodialysis patients. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2018;28(166):140-50.
  10. Dashtbozorgi Z, Homaei R. The relationship between self-compassion, social support and hope with subjective well-being of nursing students. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research. 2018;12(51):37-44.
  11. Rezaei Varmazyar M. The relationship between perceived social support with psychological well-being: the mediator role of developmental assets. Developmental Pscychology Iranian Psychologist. 2018;15(58):175-88.
  12. Arslan G. Social exclusion, social support and psychological wellbeing at school: A study of mediation and moderation effect. Child indicators research. 2018;11(3):897-918.
  13. Shakespeare-Finch J, Rees A, Armstrong D. Social support, self-efficacy, trauma and well-being in emergency medical dispatchers. Social Indicators Research. 2015;123(2):549-65.
  14. Ammar D, Nauffal D, Sbeity R. The role of perceived social support in predicting subjective wellbeing in Lebanese college students. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being. 2013;1(2):121-34.
  15. Kadkhodaee M, Azadfallah P, Farahani H. Construction and validation of the women's psychological well-being scale. Developmental Pscychology Iranian Psychologist. 2019;16(61):23-36.
  16. Ghamarani A, Kajbaf MB, Oreyzi HR, Amiri S. The study of the validity and reliability of the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6) in high school students. Journal of Research in Psychological Health. 2009;3(1):77-86.
  17. Mehri Nejad SA, Ramezan Saatchi L, Paydar S. Death anxiety and its relationship with social support and adherence to religion in the elderly. Iranian journal of Ageing. 2017;11(4):494-503.
  18. Allen S. The science of gratitude: John Templeton Foundation; 2018.
  19. Tudge JR, Freitas LB, O'Brien LT. The virtue of gratitude: A developmental and cultural approach. Human development. 2015;58(4-5):281-300.
  20. Desiningrum DR. Family’s social support and psychological well-being of the elderly in tembalang. Anima, Indonesian Psychological Journal. 2010;26(1):61-8.
  21. Akbar H. Role of Perceived Social Support, Perceived Competency and Self Esteem on the Emotional Intelligence of the University Students of Southern Punjab 2017.
  22. Hellfeldt K, López-Romero L, Andershed H. Cyberbullying and psychological well-being in young adolescence: the potential protective mediation effects of social support from family, friends, and teachers. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(1):45.
  23. Fallah Chai S, Fallahi M. Comparison of mental health, psychological well-being and self-esteem of women and girls in Shiraz. Journal of Woman and Study of Family. 2017;9(34):143-65.
  24. van Zelst C, Van Nierop M, Oorschot M, Myin-Germeys I, van Os J, Delespaul P. Stereotype awareness, self-esteem and psychopathology in people with psychosis. PloS one. 2014;9(2):e88586.