Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-11948220140801The relationship of metacognitive beliefs and emotion regulation difficulties with post traumatic stress disorder10511367862ENMaryamMazloomshahed universityJournal Article20150308Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of metacognitive beliefs and emotion regulation difficulties with post-traumatic stress symptom and then to determine the influence of each variable on aforementioned symptom.Method: Sample population included 280 high school students from Ahar that were selected by cluster sampling. Next, they filled in PTSD Symptom Scale-Self Report (PSS-SR), Metacognitions Questionnaire- Adolescent Version (MCQ-A) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). To analyze the data, methods of descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and stepwise regression were employed by means of SPSS-16.Results: Findings indicated that post traumatic stress symptom was positively associated with both metacognitive beliefs and emotion regulation difficulties. Results of regression analysis also showed that negative beliefs about worry, cognitive confidence, lack of goal-directed behavior, lack of emotional clarity and cognitive self-consciousness could explain 38% of variance of post-traumatic stress symptom in students with earthquake experience.Conclusion: Results of present study, similar to metacognitive model and theoretical approaches of emotion regulation explaining post-traumatic stress symptom showed that changes in negative metacognitive beliefs as well as the correction of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies can relieve post-traumatic stress symptom.https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67862_c0eae791224b6a30b333be1946b07c3b.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-11948220140801The prediction of lifestyle according to personality traits17718467861ENGholamrezaMirzaieUniversityJournal Article20150308Introduction: Considering the importance of assessing and identifying constituents of lifestyle, this study aimed to determine the predictive role of personality traits in the development of military forces' lifestyle.Method: This is a descriptive-correlational research in which 135 officers from a military unit in Isfahan were randomly selected and then assessed by NEO-PI-R, Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II) and Demographic Characteristic Questionnaires.Results: The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant and positive relation between lifestyle and income, extroversion, openness, experience, agreeableness and consciousness. In addition, the results of stepwise regression indicated that three personality traits of agreeableness, neuroticism and extroversion along with income could predict 27.7 percent of military forces' lifestyle.Conclusion: According to the results, personality traits of agreeableness, neuroticism and extroversion beside income amount play considerable roles in the quality of lifestyle of military forces.https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67861_a57d3a8a5796427039037a922e05ad2c.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-11948220140801The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy based on executive functioning on symptoms in students with attention deficient hyperactivity disorder11512267863ENNargesParhizkarFerdowsi University of Mashhad0000-0002-6212-1372Journal Article20150308Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. Individuals with ADHD experience important problems in various life areas. During the last decade, increasing number of research has addressed challenges of students with ADHD. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy based on executive functioning on symptoms in students with ADHD.Method: This research was conducted in the academic year 2011-2012. The research design included pre- and post-test measurement with control group. The study sample comprised Ferdowsi University of Mashhad students, who were previously screened for and diagnosed with ADHD through administering BAARS followed by a psychiatric interview (n = 32). Participants were randomly divided into a control and an experimental group. The experimental group received an EF based cognitive–behavioral group therapy. The control group did not receive any intervention. All participants completed pre-test measures at post-test. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and MANCOV methods.Results: The experimental group, unlike the control group, showed significant reductions in ADHD symptoms, including attention deficit, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and sluggish cognitive tempo.Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy based on executive functioning were effective on clinical symptoms in student with ADHD.https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67863_0f759c47d58b35fe0b2a45100f91e7c3.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-11948220140801The effectiveness of short-term object relations couples therapy on improvement of family functioning of clients filing for divorce12312967864ENShaker DevlagDepartment of psychology,centeral tehran branch, Islamic Azad University,Journal Article20150308Introduction: Family is the principal unit for the satisfaction of different types of physical, emotional, and intellectual needs. Besides, recognition of biological and psychological necessities as well as the means to take in order to satisfy them are of crucial importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of short-term object relations couples therapy of family functioning in clients filing for divorce.Method: In this study, 40 couples were randomly assigned into 2 control and experimental groups. Then, family assessment device was utilized for data collection. The experimental group received 6 sessions of short-term object relations couples therapy while the control group received no treatment. To analyze the data, analysis of covariance was employed.Results: Findings indicated that short-term object relations couples therapy had a positive effect on family functioning of clients filing for divorce in subscales of problem solving, communication, roles, emotional companionship, emotional intercourse, behavior control.Conclusion: As the approach of short-term object relations couples therapy tries to explain present interactions in terms of internalization of the past, it would be useful to make use of it for improvement of the family functioning in clients filing for divorce.https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67864_07c316874ff76371755cd4ccac51a431.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-11948220140801The role of emotional schemas in substance abuse craving13113667865ENSaeedehMasoomi Nomandan0000-0002-7061-9330Journal Article20150308Introduction: Substance abuse is a chronic recurring disorder and one of its features that boldly appears is craving. Research findings show that emotional factors have a central role in substance abuse craving. The purpose of current study was to assess the role of emotional schemas in substance abuse craving.Method: According to diagnostic and inclusion criteria, 300 addicts (165 men and 135 women ( were selected. Next, they completed questionnaires of demographic characteristics, emotional schemas, and substance abuse craving. The data gathered were analyzed using methods of Pearson's correlation and stepwise multivariate regression.Results: Rumination, guilt, uncontrollability and blame were among the emotional schemas which were positively correlated with craving. On the other side, emotional self-awareness, validation by others, comprehensibility, higher values, acceptance of emotions and consensus were in a negative correlation with craving. The results of stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that higher values, guilt, acceptance of emotions, demand for rationality and emotional self-awareness could explain 31% of craving variance.Conclusion: The identification of emotional schemas involved in craving can provide constructive implications for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of substance abuse.https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67865_adf7a9ebb3f37899aebeaa20db3f34f1.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-11948220140801Explanation of self-differentiation in accordance with attachment styles and alexithymia13914767866ENJahangirKaramiJournal Article20150308Introduction: The present study conducted to explain self-differentiation according to attachment styles and alexithymia.Method: This is a descriptive–correlational study in which 325 students were selected through stratified random sampling. To gather required data self-differentiation questionnaire (DSIR- R), Hazan and Shower attachment questionnaire plus alexithymia inventory (FTAS-20) were used. Data analysis was also conducted by statistical methods of correlation and regression.Results: Findings showed that there was positive and significant relationship between safe attachment style and self-differentiation. There was a negative relationship between aversive attachment style and self-differentiation either. Results were also suggestive of a negative relationship between alexithymia and self-differentiation. All things considered, aversive attachment style, alexithymia and safe attachment style can predict self-differentiation.Conclusion: According to the results, safe attachment style as well as emotional expression are the main factors contributing to high level of self-differentiation.https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67866_579d0f1392b7c55c55786b940aaa41b6.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-11948220140801Development and validation of the computer-based word dot-probe task for investigation of the effect of attentional bias on social anxiety14915467867ENHassanShafieePayame Noor universityJournal Article20150308Introduction: Attentional bias plays an important role in the etiology and persistence of various disorders, especially social anxiety disorder. Dot-probe task is an appropriate cognitive instrument for the examination of attentional bias. This study introduces dot-probe task along with the construction process and the examination of reliability and validity thereof as well as words which were used as stimuli.Method: Primary list of socially threatening words were created using research literature related to social anxiety in addition to the guidance of psychologists and linguists. The words’ extent of being threatening was rated by 113 students. Then, 32 words at the highest rate of being socially threatening were selected and matched with neutral words in terms of frequency of use and number of letters. The validity and reliability of computer-based word dot-probe task was examined in a sample of two groups of 15 individuals with high and low social anxiety.Results: The results confirmed validity and reliability of the computer-based dot-probe task along with the socially threatening words. Besides, the results from administration of computer-based word dot-probe on two groups with social anxiety disorder suggested that the task could attain differential validity and was able to assess attributional bias as well.Conclusion: Computer-based word dot-probe task is an appropriate cognitive instrument for the assessment of attentional bias and it can be used in future researches to examine the patterns of information processing and attentional bias in patients with social anxiety disorder and other disorders.https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67867_9ed6ce2a74bb40d489b896a3f42123bd.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-11948220140801Attributional styles and self-regulation: An exploration into the role of personality styles15516467868ENFatemehArfaaMohammadrezaAhanchianSomayehBahman AbadiJournal Article20150308Introduction: Learning self-regulation is a basic concept to learning, educational and cognitive psychology which has also valuable outcomes to cognitive processes and even success in life. The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of personality styles in self-regulation and attributional styles of students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.Method: Present research is a descriptive-correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical universe included all students of Nursing and Midwifery School from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 1390-1391. Sample population consisted of 200 students who were selected through single stage cluster sampling. Then, they filled attributional style questionnaire designed by Seligman and Singh, general self-regulation questionnaire by Miller and Brown, and finally NEO five-factor personality inventory.Results: Findings of structural equation modeling showed that recommended model nearly fitted with the data of study. Furthermore, attributional style could only predcit self-regulation in the event that personality styles mediated.Conclusion: The findings of present research emphasizes indirect effectiveness of attributional styles on self-regulation of the students. Plus that personality styles can mediate between aforementioned variables.https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67868_28191d73168c54c9029d9379d42331ec.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-11948220140801The relationship between demographic variables and job motivation alongside job burnout among faculty members university16517067869ENHosseinKeshavarz-AfsharBehavioral Sciences ResearchJournal Article20150308Introduction: Attention to the position and role of faculty members in conducting research is of crucial importance. This study examined the relationship between demographic variables and job motivation alongside job burnout.Method: This study is in descriptive-correlative research design. The population of the study comprised the faculty members of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2011-12, who were selected though available sampling. Two questionnaires were used in this study as follows: Job Motivation Questionnaire prepared by the researchers based on Herzberg two-factor motivation-health theory with a reliability coefficient of 0.82; and Geldard Job Burnout Questionnaire with the Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88. The data of the study were analyzed using SPSS15 software and the Chi-square test.Results: The results showed that there were not significant differences in subjects’ job motivation in terms of age, sex and job experience (P> 0.05). However, there were significant differences in terms of type of membership and activity (P< 0.01). Moreover, the results showed that subjects' burnout in terms of age, type of membership, and type of activity is not significantly different (P> 0.05). Nevertheless, the difference in terms of gender and level of experience is significant (P< 0.01) and (P< 0.05).Conclusion: In view of the fact that the motivation of permanently employed faculty members was more than that of non-faculty members, it seems that one of the most important factors in increasing the non-faculty members’ motivation is to give them research privileges. Considering job motivation in researchers involved in educational and research activities is more than job motivation in researchers involved in educational, research and treatment activities, thus it seems better to employ researchers with research and educational activities in the research center. Besides, given the higher levels of burnout among women than men due to constraints specific to military conditions, it seems better to employ female researchers in studies that are not limited as a result of military atmosphere.https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67869_f2cc54e8e45b195c0028c4f353f8e34c.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-11948220140801The comparison between functions of clinical memory and visuospatial memory in patients with borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder17117667870ENImanollahBigdelisemnan UniversityJournal Article20150308Introduction: This research aimed to compare memory functions of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder.Method: This is a descriptive and ex post facto study, in which 30 subjects (15 borderline personality, 15 antisocial personality) were selected through convenience sampling. The research tools were Wechsler’s clinical memory test, Span board test and computerized Millon clinical multi axial inventory-III. The data were analyzed by MANOVA and t-test.Results: The results showed that patients with Borderline Personality Disorder had significantly poorer performance than those with Antisocial Personality Disorder in clinical memory functions and visusaptial working memory. In addition, antisocial personality patients had poorer performance in two scales of Wechsler’s clinical memory (logical memory and word association) than borderline personality patients.Conclusion: Results of this research generally indicated that these patients may have had different patterns of deficits in their memory functions.https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67870_a2fe4d276d8e1ff1ddc2adc473a653ce.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-11948220140801Effectiveness of motivational interviewing on the weight self-efficacy life style in overweight and obese teenager boys18519367871ENZohrehVafadarBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesRezaReazeiBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesAliNavidianZahedan University of Medical SciencesJournal Article20150308Introduction: Childhood and teenager obesity as an international growing health problem is predisposing adolescents to chronic, incapacitating and lethal diseases in adulthood. This situation has motivated many researchers to establish effective weight controlling programs with psychological approaches.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of motivational interviewing on weight self-efficacy lifestyle of teenaged boys suffering from overweight or obesity.Method: This research is a controlled clinical trial in pretest and post-test design with repeated measurments which was conducted on a control group plus 2 experimental groups in 1391. Sample and control groups comprised 90 high school students, between 15 to 19 years old, with BMI over 25, who were selected through accessibility sampling then were randomaly allocated to 2 experimental groups and 1 control (each group=30). Control group received no intervention. But experimental group 1 (named instruction group) was administered regular weight controlling instruction by way of diet for 4 sessions (each was 2 hours) and experimental group 2 got likewise extra to motivational interview for 5 sessions of 2 hours during 5 weeks (in 3 groups of 10 individuals). Data were collected in 4 stages of measurement via weight self-efficacy lifestyle questionnaire and then were analyzed using statistical tests of one-way analysis of variance and repeated measures analysis of variance.Results: Increase in mean scores of self-efficacy in both experimental groups but more in group 2 was observed. Comparison of the groups in every stage of the measurement using ANOVA was suggestive of no significant difference through the pretest and post-test; nevertheless, there was significant difference between follow-up-stage 1 (p=0.002) and follow-up-stage 2 (p=0.024). Additionally, the comparison of experimental groups using RMANOVA through the four stages of measurement indicated statistically significant difference between experimental group 2 (p=0.000) and experimental group 1 (p=0.000) while there was no significant difference as for control group (p=0.65). Overall, the comparison between groups through the all stages of measurement showed statistical significant difference (p=0.000(.Conclusion: Motivational interviewing along with regular weight controlling instruction can increase weigh self-efficacy lifestyle of teenaged boys with overweight and obesity in order for the change of behavior with regard to weight controlling.https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67871_61f5608c2eccc5b34686c8978f0c4e19.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-11948220140801The introduction of a new model for improvement of counseling performance in schools through the empowerment of psychologists and counselors19520467872ENLoghmanEbrahimiJournal Article20150308Introduction: Qualitative and quantitative development of counseling program in schools can be regarded as an indicator of the development of education system. Therefore, it is necessary for school counselors to have an appropriate performance pattern to reach their goals. The aim of this study was to establish a native pattern for improving school counselors' activities in Iran.Method: This study was done by way of mixed methods. Statistical universe consisted of employed counselors and teachers plus students of Azerbaijan-e-Gharbi education system in the academic year of 2012-2013. The study sample (as for qualitative part), included 48 individuals determined by theoretical saturation and (in quantitative part) 370 people who were selected via stratified random sampling. To gather data, interview and a researcher-made questionnaire were used. Then, the primary pattern was designed in accordance with information analysis. Moreover, a questionnaire was responded by the sample population to assess validity of the pattern.Results: Findings of the study showed significant difference between current situation and optimum condtion of counseling activities in schools. Damage factors of counseling activities were identified and the effect size thereof were calculated. According to the analysis, a conceptual pattern for the improvement of counselors' performance was designed.Conclusion: Results of this research indicated that identification and categorization of damage factors of counseling activities, assessment of the counselors' teaching needs, professional and psychological empowerment of the counselors, training of the administrators in skills of counseling under the approved standards, and finally scheduling counseling activities in schools could lead to development of counseling performance in education systems.https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67872_d070c47f919a5ae81cf583cdcaba64a6.pdf