Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-119414420210201Self-Regulation Learning Strategies and Academic Performance in Students with Learning Difficulty17217712162010.30491/ijbs.2020.212964.1180ENPratimaKaushikDepartment of Psychology, University of Delhi, India0000-0001-5109-2660S.P.K.JenaDepartment of Applied Psychology, University of Delhi, IndiaJournal Article20191223Abstract<br /> <br /> <strong>Introduction:</strong> Difficulty in learning among younger students has perhaps become the greatest challenge for the present schooling framework. As they do not meet all requirements for criteria of formative incapacity, they are regularly neglected. Upgrading self-regulation aptitudes in students with learning difficulties enables the capacity to comprehend and control their learning cycle. <br /> <strong>Method:</strong> The current investigation was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test control group design. The study was comprised of 100 school students from New Delhi, India, whose ages ranged between 6-12 years studying in 3rd-8th grade, showing low scholarly accomplishment for ceaseless two years alongside behavioral issues. Students in the experimental group participated in the Program for Enhancing Academic and Behavioral Learning Skills (PEABLS), a cognitive-behavioral intervention, while the control group attended psychoeducation sessions. Both groups were compared using t-test and ANOVA. The relationship between academic, cognitive, and behavioral measures was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. <br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Findings indicated that PEABLS significantly impacted cognitive skills and self-regulation, consequently improving academic performance among the experimental group (p < 0.01).<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded that attending PEABLS sessions enhanced the level of self-regulation, academic performance, and cognitive skills among school students with learning problems. <br /> <br /> <br /> https://www.behavsci.ir/article_121620_c8906d07fa169aab94c2da8c9ded1c11.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-119414420210201The Effectiveness of Music Therapy on Reducing Alexithymia Symptoms and Improvement of Peer Relationships17818412192610.30491/ijbs.2021.214227.1186ENReyhanehAkbariDepartment of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranSholeAmiriDepartment of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-9906-5802HosseinaliMehrabiDepartment of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-5193-1962Journal Article20201213Abstract<br /> <br /> <strong>Introduction:</strong> Individuals with alexithymia are under the pressure of correlated physio-emotional stress that would not come out as speech. These problems prevent emotion regulation and make people incompatible in life.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> The purpose of this study was examining the effectiveness of music therapy on reducing symptoms of alexithymia and enhancing peer relationships. The method was quasi-experimental with two experimental and control groups. Through multi-stage sampling, one hundred and eighty girls were screened for alexithymia’s symptoms. Thirty of the 57 identified children, were selected randomly and assigned into control (n=15) and experimental (n=15) groups (mean 11.8 Years old) randomly in Isfahan, Iran. The instruments were the Rieffe’s Alexithymia Questionnaire for children and Sociometry for evaluating peer relationships. The music therapy was nine sessions which was done for the experimental group. Data was analysed with the repeated measure ANCOVA.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> The results indicated that music therapy had a significant positive effect on reducing alexithymia in the experiment group (ES = -0.34, (OP = -0.92), while there was no significant change in the control group (p >0.05). The results stayed stable after two months follow-up. Although the results showed peer relationships, the helper dimension improved; other peer relationships, the popularity, and rejection, were not influenced significantly.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In conclusion, music therapy positively affects reducing alexithymia symptoms of female preadolescents. Thus, using music therapy for reducing alexithymia symptoms is suggested. <br /> <br /> https://www.behavsci.ir/article_121926_408a5676c9d0784bb7b4a394727a756a.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-119414420210302Virtuous Qualities and Personality Traits of Wise Individuals18519012162110.30491/ijbs.2020.215035.1188ENMitikaKanwarDepartment of Psychology, Post Graduate Government College for Girls, Chandigarh, IndiaMeenaSehgalDepartment of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, IndiaJournal Article20201215Abstract<br /> <br /> <strong>Introduction:</strong> Wisdom is a desired master virtue and a lot can be learnt from the qualities and personality traits of wise individuals. Philosophers and psychologists have attempted to understand the qualities that make an individual wise because wisdom entails a life of personal growth and maturity. Keeping the benefits of wisdom in mind, the present study investigated various virtues and personality traits that characterize it.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> Wisdom was studied in relationship with Big Five Personality Traits (extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness) and Virtues (wisdom and knowledge, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, transcendence) among a sample of 360 Indian adults in the age range of 18-75 years. Pearson’s product moment correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted with wisdom as the criterion variable. Cross-sectional predictors of wisdom were also found across the three age groups i.e. young adults, middle aged adults, and older adults.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Results revealed that humanity, transcendence, extraversion and wisdom and knowledge virtues account for 29% variance in wisdom in the total sample. The virtues of wisdom and knowledge and openness personality trait emerged to be the most significant predictors of wisdom in young adults (n=120) and accounted for 17% variance. Middle-aged adults (n=120) reflected transcendence, temperance and humanity virtues as significant predictors of wisdom accounting for 41% variance. The older adult group displayed transcendence as the only significant predictor of wisdom accounting for 5% variance.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present study indicates that in order to develop wisdom, one needs to inculcate healthier personality traits of openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, humility, forgiveness, ego transcendence, gratitude, hope, playfulness, humor, kindness, curiosity, judgment and perspective-taking abilities. <br /> <br /> https://www.behavsci.ir/article_121621_1d419b95aca27d943ac4ffc6d930a667.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-119414420210302Investigating Couples' Interactive Patterns at Three Stages of the Family Life Cycle19119812162210.30491/ijbs.2020.216115.1195ENShekoofehDadfarniaDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranMansoureh-SadatSadeghiFamily Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranLeiliPanaghiFamily Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20201217Abstract<br /> <br /> <strong>Introduction:</strong> This study aims to investigate the couples' interaction patterns at three stages of family life cycle including couples without children, childbearing families and families with adolescent children.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> This study is a qualitative research with a phenomenology method. Using purposive sampling, 28 couples were selected from Yazd (20-50 year old couples). The required data was collected through designed scenarios using in-depth semi-structured interview and the Marital Adjustment Test. To analyze the data, the seven-stage Colaizzi model was imitated.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Totally, 12 components of negative interaction patterns were identified including defensiveness, criticism, anger, gender rules, belligerence, family contempt, contempt, domineering, tense humor, contempt for her/himself, sadness and retreat. Positive interaction codes included cautious behavior, interest in the relation, validation, affection, humor, surprise, self-disclosure, seeing themselves as a unit, sense of humor, emotion management, and normalization. The findings indicate significant differences in the amount of usage, form, purpose and verbal manifestation of these components in each of the stages.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It can be stated that different life cycle stages have certain features that can make an impact on the couples' interaction patterns.<br /> https://www.behavsci.ir/article_121622_17a85f441bb7bcff8bce484796acc5a9.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-119414420210302The Effectiveness of Mind Simulation on Psychological Symptoms and Mental Capabilities of Adults Suffering from Stuttering19920412162310.30491/ijbs.2020.216156.1196ENNeginPeyvandi-Nezhad1. Department of Psychology, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2. Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-5187-7924FarahNaderiDepartment of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0001-5801-5967RezaPashaDepartment of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-2163-880XParvizAsgariDepartment of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-0107-4621AlirezaHeidariDepartment of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-2229-3057Journal Article20201221<strong>Introduction:</strong> Cognitive factors are considered extremely important in stuttering. This study aims at examining the effectiveness of mind simulation on psychological symptoms and mental capabilities in adults who stutter.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> This study was a quasi-experimental research, with two groups (experimental and control group), and it consisted of two pre-test and post-test stages. The research population was all 33 females from stuttering disorder that were clients of speech-therapy centers including in 2019. The final number of samples reached 30 individuals, who were selected by simple random sampling method and were divided into two control and experimental groups. The package of Stuttering Anxiety Questionnaire, Self-esteem Measurement, Self-concept Measurement and Social Communication Measurement were used. Multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS software were used to analyze the data.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> In general, the findings indicated a significant difference between the data obtained from pre- and post-test average score of the two groups in terms of self-concept, self-esteem, social interactions and anxiety involved in the mind simulation process.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The current mind simulation methods have a considerable impact on the psychological symptoms and mental capabilities of adults suffering from stuttering, which can be used as an effective method to improve stuttering.<br /> https://www.behavsci.ir/article_121623_454b5fb3cd93541ea892c9a06c450dce.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-119414420210302The Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Suicidal Tendency of Students: The Moderating Role of Reasons for Living20521012162410.30491/ijbs.2020.216763.1200ENMasumeKarimiDepartment of Counseling, Faculty of Humanestic, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, IranAli-AkbarSoleimanianDepartment of Counseling, Faculty of Humanistic, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran.0000-0001-7514-6475TayebeRahimi-PordanjaniDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Humanestic, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran0000-0002-8781-7907Journal Article20201218Abstract<br /> <br /> <strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of reasons for living in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and suicidal tendency.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> In this descriptive–correlation study, the population included all students of public universities in Bojnord city. For this purpose, 399 students were selected using stratified sampling method who answered to maladaptive schemes, suicide probability and reasons for living questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis by SPSS-22 software.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Findings indicate that the correlation between early maladaptive schemas and reasons for living with suicidal tendency were significant (P <0.001). Also, the interaction of schemas of the first area and reasons for living created 0.2% of the increased variance which is statistically insignificant (ΔR2=0.002, p> 0.05), and the interaction of schemas of the second area and reasons for living, created 1.5% of the increased variance which is statistically significant (ΔR2=0.015, p < 0.001).<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results showed the importance of reasons for living as the moderator of the relationship between early schemas and the suicidal tendency. Therefore, it is recommended to provide workshops for students to reduce the impact of early maladaptive schemas on the suicidal tendency.<br /> <br /> https://www.behavsci.ir/article_121624_236e42b5af241c85d97910f5c1aa6107.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-119414420210302Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Allergic Patients21121612162510.30491/ijbs.2020.220682.1211ENShahrbanooAaliDepartment of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0002-4672-2530MaryamKhoshkhuiDepartment of Immunology, ,Allergy Research Center,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.GolnazRafizadeh-ArdabiliDepartment of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.Journal Article20201223Abstract<br /> <br /> <strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological profile and quality of life in allergic patients and to identify the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in this field.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> The statistical population of this study consisted of all patients with allergic rhinitis who referred to the asthma and allergy clinic of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad during summer to autumn, 2017. Among these patients, 132 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Psychological Health Checklist, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Short Form Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that self-blame, other blame and rumination have a significant and positive relationship with symptoms of mental health disorders which can predict them significantly )p <0.001(. Also, positive refocusing and planning have positive significant relationships with quality of life and can predict them significantly) p <0.001.(<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study demonstrates the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on mental health and quality of life in these patients. Findings draw the attention of therapists to the importance of applying psychological therapies and cognitive emotion regulation strategies training in the treatment process of allergic patients.<br /> <br /> https://www.behavsci.ir/article_121625_d8b21e1dd990a6489424e4af8517850f.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-119414420210201Comparison of the Effectiveness of Attentional Bias Modification, Approach Bias Modification and their Combination on Cognitive Bias and Relapse in Methamphetamine Abusers21722412162610.30491/ijbs.2020.224250.1230ENAzarGhaffariDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, IranS. M. HosseinMousavi-NasabDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-7102-2835MasoudFazilat-PourDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20201219Abstract<br /> <br /> <strong>Introduction:</strong> Methamphetamine abuse has been growing during the past decade. Recent studies show that computerized training intervention can be useful. The present study compared a variety of cognitive bias modification methods (i.e., attention bias modification, approach bias modification and their combination) on attention bias, approach bias and relapse among methamphetamine abusers.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> A total of 108 patients were recruited as the primary sample and the obtained data from 97 patients were analyzed in the final analysis. After being matched according to demographical characteristics, participants were assessed for cognitive bias and relapse to measure the baseline. Afterwards, they were randomly assigned to three different training conditions receiving eight training sessions and a control condition. Finally, all participants underwent a post-assessment similar to the pre-assessment.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated significant reduction both in cognitive bias and relapse in the experimental conditions compared to the control condition. Post-hoc tests suggested no significant differences in relapse in the experimental groups. Furthermore, attention bias decreased in groups after Attention Bias Modification (ABM) and approach bias decreased in the groups which received Approach Avoidance Task (AAT-T).<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>It can be suggested that different treatments of cognitive bias modification, by reducing cognitive bias and relapse, could be beneficial for methamphetamine abusers.<br /> <br /> https://www.behavsci.ir/article_121626_014dc0ff06f7decf6afbef5813af3c53.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-119414420210201Mediating Effect of Coping Strategies between Personality and Anxiety during COVID-1922523112162910.30491/ijbs.2020.251722.1392ENGeorgeFelixDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India0000-0002-2228-269XJournal Article20201221Abstract<br /> <br /> <strong>Introduction:</strong> Several studies have highlighted the psychological consequences (anxiety, depression) of COVID-19 in India. However, the effect of personality on anxiety, mediated by coping, remains scarce.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> For carrying out this study, 215 healthy, unmarried, educated Indian adults participated in an online form-based study comprising measures of personality (The Big Five Inventory-2-S), coping (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-21), and anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6).<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Analyses were done after controlling gender, age, work, and family status. Negative-emotionality and emotion-oriented coping were the highest predictors of anxiety. A contradictory finding showed conscientiousness to predict and increase anxiety upon using coping strategies. Emotion-oriented coping mediated the relationship between negative-emotionality and anxiety. Open-mindedness had an insignificant total effect on anxiety but reduced it when mediated by emotion-oriented coping. Additionally, higher anxiety was reported in those who watched one hour or more of pandemic news per day.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Emotion-oriented coping was found to be an ineffective strategy to alleviate anxiety in those with higher trait neuroticism. The flexibility provided by trait openness facilitated effective use of emotion-oriented coping in reducing anxiety.<br /> <br /> https://www.behavsci.ir/article_121629_dd1e93400ab5c768b59968788f376d66.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-119414420210302The Role of Psychological Disorders’ Symptoms and Emotion Regulation Strategies in Predicting Internet Addiction among Students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences23223812162810.30491/ijbs.2020.230311.1266ENKhadijehFuladvandDepartment of psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Lorestan, Khorramabad, Iran0000-0001-6071-7036Journal Article20201223Abstract<br /> <br /> <strong>Introduction:</strong> Although the Internet is a very important tool for new information in today’s life, it is largely addictive. The present study aims to investigate the role of psychological disorders and emotion regulation strategies in predicting Internet addiction among students.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> This descriptive-correlational study is performed on 254 students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, who are selected through multistage cluster sampling method. Participants respond to the Demographic Information Questionnaire, Young Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Derogatis & et al., Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and Garnefski & Kraaij Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The obtained data are analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> The results of correlation analysis show that there is a significant relationship between the symptoms of psychological disorders and emotion regulation strategies with internet addiction (p <0.001). The results of multiple regression analysis indicate that the symptoms of psychological disorders and emotion regulation strategies significantly predict 39.7% of the variance of Internet addiction (p <0.001).<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Therefore, paying attention to the symptoms of psychological disorders and difficulty in regulating emotion in preventive and therapeutic program can be effective in reducing pathological use of the Internet.<br /> <br /> <br /> https://www.behavsci.ir/article_121628_443a0e290a76ceaf3cfb971e0b9dcb8d.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Behavioral Sciences2322-119414420210201Comparing the Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Emotional Schema Therapy on Emotion Regulation of Individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms23924512162710.30491/ijbs.2020.225387.1238ENMasoodAhovanDepartment of Counseling, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, IranMahmoodJajarmiDepartment of Counseling, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, IranAbolfazlBakhshipoorDepartment of Counseling, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, IranJournal Article20201221Abstract<br /> <br /> <strong>Introduction:</strong> Due to the prevalence of Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms (OCS), it seems that actions should be taken to prevent its recurrence. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Schema Therapy (ST) and Emotional Schema Therapy (EST) on the emotion regulation of patients with OCS.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> This semi-experimental study was carried out on 24 patients with OSC in three groups of ST (n=8), EST (n=8) and control (n=8) in Mashhad, Iran. The intervention groups received individual EST and ST Sessions. The data were collected by Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (MOCAI) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) in four stages of pre-test, post-test, one and three months follow up. The MANOVA test was utilized to analyze data.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> During the above stages, the mean score of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal subscales fell and soared significantly in the EST group, respectively (p <0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups of intervention and control in terms of the average total obsessive-compulsive score and its sub-scales except for the slow sub-scales during all three stages after the intervention, one month later and three months later (p <0.05).<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Although both ST and EST methods had an effect on the improvement of emotion regulation and OCS, the EST was more effective on improving emotion regulation. Therefore, it is recommended to consider EST with a larger sample size in people with OCS.<br /> <br /> https://www.behavsci.ir/article_121627_49c398866547eeb99da6b99c7c6ae7cc.pdf