Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences International Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2322-1194 19 3 2025 11 01 The Relationship between Mentalization and Aggression Mediated by Positive and Negative Affect in Female Students 173 178 237076 10.30491/ijbs.2025.541682.2265 EN Atena Farhang Department of Psychology, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran 0009-0000-3815-5372 Mohammad-Hossein Mohebi-Nouredinvand Department of Psychology, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran 0009-0005-8622-9248 Journal Article 2025 09 27 <strong>Introduction:</strong> Adolescent girls undergo significant developmental changes during puberty, which can influence aggressive behaviors, impacting their emotional and psychological well-being. This study examines the relationship between mentalization—the ability to understand mental states—and aggression, mediated by positive and negative affect, among female high school students. <strong>Method:</strong> Employing a descriptive-correlational design, the research sampled 200 female students from second-level secondary schools in Ahvaz during the 2023-2024 academic year, selected via multi-stage random cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Mentalization Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and Aggression Questionnaire, and analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficients and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SPSS-24 and Amos-21 software. <strong>Results:</strong> Findings indicated a robust model fit, with mentalization significantly predicting increased positive affect and decreased negative affect (P<0.001), though it showed no direct effect on aggression. Positive affect negatively influenced aggression, while negative affect positively influenced it (P<0.001). Mentalization indirectly reduced aggression through both affect pathways (P<0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These findings suggest that mentalization modulates aggression via emotional regulation. Interventions targeting aggression in adolescent girls could focus on enhancing mentalization and fostering skills to regulate positive and negative affect, thereby promoting emotional well-being. https://www.behavsci.ir/article_237076_92ce1c46d2c17f8930944d19270ae11a.pdf