TY - JOUR ID - 111229 TI - The Effects of Ultrasound, Infrasound, and Electroconvulsive Stimulations on Depression-like Behavior in Mice JO - International Journal of Behavioral Sciences JA - IJBS LA - en SN - 2322-1194 AU - Erfani, Vahab AU - Goodarzi, Kourosh AU - Ebrahimi, Mohammadreza AU - Rouzbahani, Mehdi AD - Department of Psychology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran AD - Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Y1 - 2020 PY - 2020 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 67 EP - 71 KW - Keywords: Brain stimulation KW - depression KW - Electroconvulsive stimulation KW - Infrasound KW - Ultrasound DO - 10.30491/ijbs.2020.111229 N2 -   Abstract Introduction: In the present study, the effects of ultrasound, infrasound, and electroconvulsive stimulation on depression-like behavior was assessed in animal models. Method: For carrying out this study, 60 male BALB/c mice (mean age of 60 days, weight range of 25 – 30 g) were randomly selected. Depression was induced using reserpine 0.1 mg/kg i.p. for 30 days.  They were allocated to three groups of experimental (ultrasound, infrasound, and electroconvulsive stimulation) and one group of control animals, each including 15 mice. Experimental animals received ultra- or infrasound 0.5 hours or 1 electroconvulsive pulse, daily for 10 days. Finally the Forced Swim Test was carried out. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the duration of immobility posture [F(3,54) = 99.54, P = 0.001]. Mean immobility time was significantly longer in the control group compared to the other groups. Also, immobility was significantly longer for electroconvulsive compared to the ultra- and infrasound groups. Group ultrasound showed longer immobility than group infrasound; however, the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Ultrasound and infrasound stimulations are capable of decreasing depression-like behavior in mice. The results of this study were also compatible with the application of electroconvulsive therapy. However, a more successful response can be exploited with ultra- and infrasound stimulations. UR - https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111229.html L1 - https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111229_2ecafe2bf27432c7463f7dfb262c3d0b.pdf ER -