ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identifying and Codifying the Model of Meaning of Life in the Iranian Elderly: A Qualitative Study
Introduction: The evolutionary characteristics of old age and the approach of people to death at this stage of life makes this period different from others in the field of meaning of life.The purpose of this study was to analyze the lived experience of the Iranian elderly in order to develop a conceptual model of meaning of life.Method: This article is a qualitative research that was implemented and analyzed with the grounded theory approach. For this purpose, 25 elderly people (13 females and 12 males) of Shiraz city, who were over 65 years with the ability to speak Persian and those which had not any severe effective cognitive disorders were selected by purposeful and theoretical sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted. A systematic and analytical approach of Strauss and Corbin was used to reach the findings.Results: Based on the analysis, in open and axial coding, the obtained model had 14 main categories and 37 themes. This means, the perspective and perception of the elderly about a meaningful life is multi-dimensional.Conclusion: Paying attention to these components, in futuristic planning can be effective in constructing and accepting the active role of the elderly in the society and it can be used for planning macro-political, socio-economic policies with respect to future aging trends.
https://www.behavsci.ir/article_133374_cce69a9ba6ccabca741aeb13d8242d91.pdf
2021-08-10
79
86
10.30491/ijbs.2021.251653.1391
Meaning of life
Grounded theory
The elderly
Qualitative study
Fahime
Mohamadpour
fmohamadpour.1212@gmail.com
1
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdulaziz
Aflakseir
aaflakseir@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nurallah
Mohamadi
nmohamadi@shirazu.ac.ir
3
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Habib
Hadianfard
habib_hadianfard@yahoo.com
4
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
References
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Taghvaeinia A. The Moderating Role of Coping Styles in the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Obsession Death among the Elderly. Developemental Psychology, 2018 ; 14(56): 461-473.
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Moschis GP. The Life Course Paradigm: Conceptual and Theoretical Foundations. InConsumer Behavior over the Life Course; 2019 (pp. 37-59). Springer, Cham.
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Tangestani Y., Moatamedy A., Borjali A., Sohrabi-Asmarodi F., Delavar A. Prediction of Psychological Disorders Based on Meta-cognitive Components in the Elderly of Tehran. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 2018; 12(3): 108-113.
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Robinson-Whelen S, Taylor HB, Feltz M, Whelen M. Loneliness among people with spinal cord injury: exploring the psychometric properties of the 3-item loneliness scale. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2016; 97(10):1728-34.
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Hill CE, Kline K, Bauman V, Brent T, Breslin C, Calderon M, Campos C, Goncalves S, Goss D, Hamovitz T, Kuo P. What’s it all about? A qualitative study of meaning in life for counseling psychology doctoral students. Counselling Psychology Quarterly. 2015; 28(1):1-26.
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Zhang H, Sang Z, Chan DK, Teng F, Liu M, Yu S, Tian Y. Sources of meaning in life among Chinese university students. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2016;17(4):1473-92.
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Abbasi M, Mirderikvand F, Adavi H, Hojati M. The relationship between personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) and self-efficacy with aging depression. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2018; 12(4): 458-66.
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Bastani S, Zakariai Seraji F. Gender differences in old age: social networks and support, Iranian social issues, 2012; 3 (1) 33-57.
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21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation in Reducing Stress among Hard of Hearing Adolescent Girls
Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive rehabilitation for stress reduction in hard of hearing adolescent girls.Method: In a randomized clinical trial, 24 hard of hearing adolescent girls were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention group received the mindfulness cognitive rehabilitation intervention over 12 weeks, one session per week. This is while the control group did not receive any intervention. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) were completed by adolescent girls to evaluate their stress levels during the baseline, pre-test, post-test, and follow-up periods of the intervention.Results: A repeated-measure, analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that the mean levels of stress in the intervention group decreased after the mindfulness training. Also, the analysis revealed that the mean levels of stress between the intervention group and the control group were significantly different (p<0.01).Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that mindfulness intervention could alleviate the stress of hard of hearing adolescent girls.
https://www.behavsci.ir/article_133375_4e5384c21a6db1a8f2a3ed6aacb3cfb3.pdf
2021-08-10
87
93
10.30491/ijbs.2021.253241.1400
Adolescent Girl
Cognitive rehabilitation
hard of hearing
Mindfulness
Stress
Roghieh
Nooripour
nooripour.r@gmail.com
1
Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nikzad
Ghanbari
nikzad.ghanbari@gmail.com
2
Student of Clinical Psychology, Department of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Simin
Hoseinian
hosseins1381@yahoo.com
3
Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Peyman
HasaniAbharian
abharian@iricss.org
4
Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
ICSS, Department of cognitive rehabilitation, brain and cognition clinic, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Karen
Dobkins
caren.dobkins@hotmail.com
5
Department of Psychology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California,USA
AUTHOR
Ameer
Maadal
amir.moaddel3@gmail.com
6
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-E Rey Branch, Iran
AUTHOR
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39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relationship between Child Abuse and Cognitive Distortions with Clinical Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation
Introduction: The present study has aimed to investigate the relationship between child abuse and cognitive distortion with clinical symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder moderated with emotion dysregulation.Method: This study made use of descriptive correlational research design. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationships between variables. The statistical population included all students of Urmia University in April 2019 (N=17000). The sample included 201 students who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. In this study, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) (2002), the Child Abuse Scale (CAS) (1392), the Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS) (1389) and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) (2004) were used to collect data. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics and used SPSS-21 and AMOS software were used.Results: Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations modeling showed that the structural model has a good fit with data. In this research, the direct effect of child abuse on emotion dysregulation (β=0/46, P=0/002), child abuse on clinical symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (β=0/43, P=0/003), cognitive distortions on emotion dysregulation (β=0/57, P=0/001), and cognitive distortions on clinical symptoms of OCD (β=0/51, P=0/001) were approved. The bootstrap test results showed significant indirect effects of child abuse and cognitive distortion on clinical symptoms of OCD which operate via emotion dysregulation.Conclusion: It seems that emotion dysregulation has a mediating role in the incidence of OCD. As a result, it is recommended to attend to OCD patient’s emotion dysregulation problems and educate them on the adaptive skills of emotion regulation.
https://www.behavsci.ir/article_133376_c7c2b923f0ac9df279185f58a0ec49c0.pdf
2021-08-10
88
95
10.30491/ijbs.2021.253385.1408
child abuse
Cognition Disorders
emotion regulation
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Katayoon
Hosseini
katayoon8hosseiny@gmail.com
1
Department of Psychology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Esmaiel
Soleimani
e.soleimani@urmia.ac.ir
2
Department of Psychology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sewell MT, Wignall ND, and R. BC, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, in Principle-Based Stepped Care and Brief Psychotherapy for Integrated Care Settings, Maragakis A and O.D. W, Editors. 2018, Springer: Cham.
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Fox, H., K. Hong, and R. Sinha, Difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control in recently abstinent alcoholics compared with social drinkers. Addictive behaviors, 2008. 33(2): p. 388-394.
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Ghamarigivi, H., The investigation of the cognitive inhibition and recognition dificit in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 2013. 6(4): p. 315-321.
54
Paivio, S.C. and L.E. Angus, Narrative processes in emotion-focused therapy for trauma. 2017: American Psychological Association.
55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Association between Father Parenting Styles and Game Addiction with the Mediating Effect of Aggression among College Students
Introduction: The present study was carried out to examine the association between father parenting styles and game addiction among college students as well as to explore the mediating effect of aggression between them.Method: The design of the research was correlation. A total of 150 participants comprised of boys and girls, with the age range of 17 to 21 years, were recruited through purposive sampling from different colleges of Lahore, Pakistan. The questionnaires used in this study included the Gaming Addiction Scale (Brief version), Parental Authority Questionnaire (short version), and the Aggression Scale. All the hypotheses were tested by using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis and Meditation analysis through PROCESS.Results: Results revealed that fathers' authoritative style had a negative non-significant association (p>.001), while authoritarian and permissive styles had a positive significant association with game addiction (p<.001). Aggression had a mediating effect between two father parenting styles and game addiction: authoritarian and permissive.Conclusion: It is therefore concluded that father parenting styles affect the game addiction behavior and aggression plays a mediating role between them. This fact will definitely help parents and psychologists in addressing major reasons behind game addiction.
https://www.behavsci.ir/article_134292_3b5e76eddc3f59910046690113ae1feb.pdf
2021-08-10
96
100
10.30491/ijbs.2021.255208.1417
Father Parenting Styles
Game Addiction
aggression
Komal
Hassan
kommal1992@gmail.com
1
Riphah Institute of Clinical & Professional Psychology (RICPP), Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hira
Fatima
hirainayat@gmail.com
2
Riphah Institute of Clinical & Professional Psychology (RICPP), Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Asghar M, Noor M. Relationship Between Temperament and Video Game Addiction among Youth2017. 285-98 p.
1
George C, Erica S. Media and the American Child. 1st ed: Academic Press; 2007.
2
Singer DG, Singer JL. Handbook of children and the media. 2nd ed. Los Angeles: Sage; 2012.
3
Wei P-S, Lu H-P. Why do people play mobile social games? An examination of network externalities and of uses and gratifications. Internet Res. 2014.
4
Yousafzai S, Hussain Z, Griffiths M. Social responsibility in online videogaming: What should the videogame industry do? Addiction Research & Theory. 2014;22(3):181-5.
5
Zafar N, Kausar R, Pallesen S. Candy Crush Addiction, Executive Functioning and Grade Point Average in University Students. Bahria Journal of Professional Psychology. 2018;17(1):67-82.
6
Baumrind D. Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology. 1971;4(1, Pt.2):1-103.
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Nwufo JI, Onyishi OG, Ubom SA, Akinola J, Chukwuorji JC. Roles of parenting styles and emotion regulation in test anxiety among secondary school students. Practicum Psychologia 2017;7(2):33-51.
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Rosli NA. Effect of Parenting Styles on Children's Emotional and Behavioral Problems Among Different Ethnicities of Muslim Children in the U.S. e-Publications@Marquette. 2014:144.
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Sangani A, Jangi P. The Relationship between Girls' Anxiety and their Parental Parenting Styles Mediated by the Traits of Extroversion and Introversion. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2019;12(4):146-53.
10
Azeez R, Babalola S. Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy on Adolescents’ Aggressive Behavior. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2020;14(2):51-5.
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Hejrani-Diarjan H, Shahriari-Ahmadi M, Esteki M. The Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Behavioral Cognitive Play and Child-parent Interaction Based Play Application on Anger, Anxiety and Emotional Cognitive Regulation in Aggressive Students. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2020;14(3):108-15.
12
Vanbrabant K, Kuppens P, Braeken J, Demaerschalk E, Boeren A, Tuerlinckx F. A relationship between verbal aggression and personal network size. Social Networks. 2012;34(2):164-70.
13
Cherry K. Factors That Lead to Aggression 2019 [Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-aggression-2794818.
14
Abedini Y, Zamani BE, Kheradmand A, Rajabizadeh G. Impacts of mothers' occupation status and parenting styles on levels of self-control, addiction to computer games, and educational progress of adolescents. Addiction & Health. 2012;4(3-4):102-10.
15
Květon P, Jelínek M. Parenting Styles and Their Relation to Videogame Addiction. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences. 2016;10.
16
Lokoyi OLO. Parenting Styles as Correlates of Aggressive Behaviour AmongIn-School Adolescent with Mild Intellectual Disability. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. 2015;4(3):94.
17
Moghaddam M, Asli F, Rakhshani T, Taravatmanesh S. The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Aggression in Adolescents of Zahedan City in 2014. Shiraz E-Medical Journal. 2016;17(7-8).
18
Jeong E, Kim D, Lee DM, Lee HR. A Study of Digital Game Addiction from Aggression, Loneliness and Depression Perspectives. 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). 2016:3769-80.
19
Madran H, Cakilci E. The relationship between aggression and online video game addiction: a study on massively multiplayer online video game players. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2014;15(2):99.
20
Lemmens JS, Valkenburg PM, Peter J. Development and Validation of a Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents. Media Psychology. 2009;12(1):77-95.
21
Buri JR. Parental Authority Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment. 1991;57(1):110-9.
22
Alkharusi H, Aldhafri S, Kazem A, Alzubiadi A, Al-Bahrani M. Development and Validation of a Short Version of the Parental Authority Questionnaire. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal. 2011;39(9):1193-208.
23
Kiewitz C, Weaver III JB. The aggression questionnaire. Handbook of research on electronic surveys and measurements. Hershey, PA, US: Idea Group Reference/IGI Global; 2007. p. 343-7.
24
Yuh J. Aggression, social environment, and Internet gaming addiction among Korean adolescents. Social Behavior and Personality. 2018;46(1):127-38.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effectiveness of Mindful Self-compassion Treatment as a Compound Method with Diet Therapy on Body Mass Indexes and the External Shame in Women with High Body Mass Indexes
Introduction: Overweightness has been one of the most prevalent global problems during recent years. This investigation was carried out to compare the compound treatment of diet therapy and mindful self-compassion with diet therapy as a one component treatment.
Method: The current research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and a two-month follow-up on 40 women with high Body Mass Indexes (BMIs). The participants were selected among the women who had sought professional help in nutrition clinics of Kermanshah in 2019. Convenience sampling was applied and the 40 participants were equally divided between experimental and control groups. Both groups received diet therapy but one of them received eight sessions of mindful self-compassion in addition to the diet therapy. Data were collected using the external shame scale and by measuring the BMIs. The data were analyzed using SPSS-25.
Results: The results of repeated measures ANOVA indicated that mindful self-compassion has led to significant reductions in external shame components (except for being ashamed of making mistake), the total external shame score, and the BMI.
Conclusion: Teaching and practicing mindful self-compassion can effectively reduce external shame and the BMI. This findings highlight the importance of self-compassion in decreasing psychological problems and weight control.
https://www.behavsci.ir/article_134293_caa29c8cb71df09bdc953affdd90cfb3.pdf
2021-08-10
101
106
10.30491/ijbs.2021.257197.1421
mindful self-compassion
diet therapy
high Body mass indexes
Farzaneh
Fehrest
farzanefehrest@gmail.com
1
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aliakbar
Parvizifard
parvizia@yahoo.com
2
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Aliakbar
Foroughi
foroughi_2002@yahoo.com
3
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Aliashraf
Rashidi
a_a_rashidi110@yahoo.com
4
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Tuschen-Caffier B, Vögele C, Bracht S, Hilbert A. Psychological responses to body shape exposure in patients with bulimia nervosa. Behaviour research and therapy. 2003;41(5):573-86.
1
Dobson R, Burgess MI, Sprung VS, Irwin A, Hamer M, Jones J, et al. Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity: differential effects on myocardial function according to metabolic syndrome, rather than obesity. International journal of obesity. 2016;40(1):153-61.
2
DiMarco ID, Klein DA, Clark VL, Wilson GT. The use of motivational interviewing techniques to enhance the efficacy of guided self-help behavioral weight loss treatment. Eating Behaviors. 2009;10(2):134-6.
3
Najafi F, Pasdar Y, Hamzeh B, Rezaei S, Nazar MM, Soofi M. Measuring and decomposing socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity in Western Iran. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. 2018;51(6):289.
4
Rezaei S, Hajizadeh M, Khosravipour M, Khosravi F, Rezaeian S. Socioeconomic Inequalities in poor health-related quality of life in Kermanshah, Western Iran: a decomposition analysis. Journal of Research in Health Sciences. 2018;18(1):405.
5
Iyengar NM, Gucalp A, Dannenberg AJ, Hudis CA. Obesity and cancer mechanisms: tumor microenvironment and inflammation. Journal of clinical oncology. 2016;34(35):4270.
6
Finocchiaro G, Papadakis M, Dhutia H, Cole D, Behr ER, Tome M, et al. Obesity and sudden cardiac death in the young: Clinical and pathological insights from a large national registry. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(4):395-401.
7
Zebardast A, Besharat MA, Pourhossein R, Bahrami EH, Poursharifi H. Compare the Efficacy of Interpersonal Therapy and Emotional Management on Weight Loss in Obese and Overweight Women. 2015.
8
Farrokhmanesh M, Mokhtari Lakeh N, Asiri S, Kazem Nezhad Leyli E, Ghaemi A, Afzali S. A Comparative Effect of Child-to-Child and Health Educator to-Child Teaching Approaches on Nutritional Status in Elementary School Students. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery. 2018;28(2):101-8.
9
Marta-Simões J, Ferreira C, Mendes AL. Exploring the effect of external shame on body appreciation among Portuguese young adults: The role of self-compassion. Eating behaviors. 2016;23:174-9.
10
Matos M, Pinto-Gouveia J, Duarte C. Other as Shamer. Versão portuguesa e propriedades psicométricas de uma medida de vergonha externa [Other as Shamer: Portuguese version and psychometric properties of a measure of external shame]. Manuscript submitted for publication. 2011.
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Tasca GA, Szadkowski L, Illing V, Trinneer A, Grenon R, Demidenko N, et al. Adult attachment, depression, and eating disorder symptoms: The mediating role of affect regulation strategies. Personality and Individual Differences. 2009;47(6):662-7.
12
Weber DD, Aminazdeh-Gohari S, Kofler B. Ketogenic diet in cancer therapy. Aging (Albany NY). 2018;10(2):164.
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Vergati M, Krasniqi E, D Monte G, Riondino S, Vallone D, Guadagni F, et al. Ketogenic diet and other dietary intervention strategies in the treatment of cancer. Current medicinal chemistry. 2017;24(12):1170-85.
14
Amel AK, Amel SK, Erfan A. Effectiveness of parents-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, obesity and self-esteem of overweight children with attention deficient hyperactivity disorder. Advanced biomedical research. 2018;7.
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Rader S, Dorner TE, Schoberberger R, Wolf H. Effects of a web-based follow-up intervention on self-efficacy in obesity treatment for women. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2017;129(13-14):472-81.
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Barabasz M. Efficacy of hypnotherapy in the treatment of eating disorders. Intl Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2007;55(3):318-35.
17
Gilbert P. Mindful compassion: Using the power of mindfulness and compassion to transform our lives: Hachette UK; 2013.
18
Neff KD, Germer CK. A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self‐compassion program. Journal of clinical psychology. 2013;69(1):28-44.
19
Albertson ER, Neff KD, Dill-Shackleford KE. Self-compassion and body dissatisfaction in women: A randomized controlled trial of a brief meditation intervention. Mindfulness. 2015;6(3):444-54.
20
dorvei f, zoghipaydar m, yarmohammadi m, imeni b. The effect of self-compassion training based onmindfulness on the dimensions of nurses' professional quality of life. Quarterly of Clinical Psychology Studies. 2019;9(34):89-108.
21
Goss K, Gilbert P, Allan S. An exploration of shame measures—I: The other as Shamer scale. Personality and Individual differences. 1994;17(5):713-7.
22
foroughi A, khanjani s, KAZEMINI M, tayeri F. Factor structure and psychometric properties of Iranian version of External Shame Scale. 2015.
23
Khalatbari J, HEMMATI SV, Mohammadi H. Effect of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Body Image and Marital Satisfaction in Women with Breast Cancer. 2018.
24
Salimi A, Arsalandeh F, Zahrakar K, Davarniya R, Shakarami M. The effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on mental health of women with multiple sclerosis. Horizon Med Sci. 2018;24(2):125-31.
25
O'Reilly GA, Cook L, Spruijt‐Metz D, Black DS. Mindfulness‐based interventions for obesity‐related eating behaviours: a literature review. Obesity reviews. 2014;15(6):453-61.
26
Tajik R, Shahed Hagh Ghadam H, Rahnejat A-M. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Improving Adaptive Behaviors, Quality of Life, and Self-Efficiency of Students with Mild Depression. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2020;13(4):142-6.
27
Mohammadpour M, Amiri S, Farnoodi R, Bahari A, Goodarzi G, Foroughi A. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on the Psychological Symptoms of Students with Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2020;14(1):6-12.
28
Oliveira S, Trindade IA, Ferreira C. The buffer effect of body compassion on the association between shame and body and eating difficulties. Appetite. 2018;125:118-23.
29
Germer CK, Neff KD. Self‐compassion in clinical practice. Journal of clinical psychology. 2013;69(8):856-67.
30
Taylor MB, Daiss S, Krietsch K. Associations among self-compassion, mindful eating, eating disorder symptomatology, and body mass index in college students. Translational Issues in Psychological Science. 2015;1(3):229.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Boredom Mediates the Relationship between Depression Symptoms and Compulsive Buying Behavior among Female Adolescents
Introduction: Research has found that psychopathology is positively associated with abnormal buying behavior. Nevertheless, it is required to further investigate internal mechanisms underlying this relationship. The current study aimed to examine the mediating role of boredom in the relationship between depression symptoms and compulsive buying behavior.
Method: The research design was descriptive – correlational. From the female high school students’ population of Nourabad in the academic year of 2019, a total of 239 participants were selected using multistage cluster sampling and were tested by the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory- II .To analyze the data, path analysis were conducted.
Results: The results showed that direct effect of depression symptoms on compulsive buying behavior were significantly positive. Also, results showed that the mediating role of boredom in the relationship between depression symptoms and compulsive buying behavior was significant.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that depression and boredom are two important factors affecting female students’ compulsive buying behavior. So, these findings highlighted the critical role of early intervention for compulsive buying behavior with a focus on those with depression symptoms and boredom.
https://www.behavsci.ir/article_134298_85bc68a4805d1cf89162eb51cd55d908.pdf
2021-08-10
107
112
10.30491/ijbs.2021.263575.1449
Adolescent
Boredom
compulsive buying
depression
Salman
Zarei
salman_zarei@yahoo.com
1
Department of Psychology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Khadijeh
Fuladvand
fuladvand.kh@lu.ac.ir
2
Department of Psychology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Yuen KF, Wang X, Ma F, Li KX. The psychological causes of panic buying following a health crisis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17: 3513-3527.
1
Maraz A, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. The prevalence of compulsive buying in nonclinical populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction. 2016; 111(3): 408-419.
2
Bigjiu G, Manolica A, Roman T. Compulsive Buying Behavior on the Internet. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2015; 20: 72-79.
3
Weinstein A, Maraz A, Grifffiths MD, Lejoyeux M, Demetrovics Z. Compulsive buying- features and characteristics of addiction. Neuropathology and Drug Addiction Substance Misuse. 2015; 3: 993-1007.
4
Maccarrone-Eaglen A, Schofield P. A Cross-cultural and Cross-gender Analysis of Compulsive Buying Behavior’s Core Dimensions. International Journal of Consumer Studies. 2018; 42: 173-85.
5
Pornpitakpan C, Yuan Y, Han JH. The effect of salespersons’ retail service quality and consumers’ mood on impulse buying. Australian Market Journal. 2017; 25(1): 2–11.
6
Atulkar S, Kesari B. Role of consumer traits and situational factors on impulse buying: Does gender matter. International Jouanal of Retail and Distribution Management. 2018; 46(4): 386–405.
7
Dittmar H, Long K, Bond R. When a Better Self is Only a Button Click Away: Associations between Materialistic Values, Emotional and Identity–related Buying Motives, and Compulsive Buying Tendency Online. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2007; 26: 334-361.
8
Roberts JA, Manolis C, Pullig C. Contingent self-esteem, self-presentational, concerns, and compulsive buying. Psychology and Marketing. 2014; 31(2): 147–160.
9
Chenshu Zhang Ch, Brook JS, Leukefeld CG, De La Rosa M, Brook DW. Compulsive Buying and Quality of Life: An Estimate of the Monetary Cost of Compulsive Buying among Adults in Early Midlife. Psychiatry Research. 2017; 252: 208–214.
10
Brand M, Young KS, Laier C, Wolfling K, Potenza MN. Integrating psychological and neurobiological consideration regarding the development and maintenance of specific internet-use disorders: An Interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (I-PACE) model. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2016; 71: 252–266.
11
Oberst U, Wegmann E, Stodt B, Brand M, Chamarro A. Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Adolescence. 2017; 55: 51–60.
12
Sohn SH, Choi YJ. Phases of shopping addiction evidenced by experiences of compulsive buyers. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction. 2013; 12(3):243–254.
13
Koh YW, Tang CS, Gan YQ, Kwon JY. Depressive symptoms and self-efficacy as mediators between life stress and compulsive buying. A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Addiction and Recovery. 2020; 3(1): 1017.
14
Muller A, Claes L, Georgiadou E, Möllenkamp M, Voth EM, Faber RJ, de Zwaan M. Is compulsive buying related to materialism, depression, or temperament? Findings from a sample of treatment-seeking patients with CB. Psychiatry Research. 2014; 216(1): 103-107.
15
Bani-Rshaid, AM, Alghraibeh AM. Relationship between Compulsive Buying and Depressive Symptoms among Males and Females. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. 2017; 14:47–50.
16
Muller A, Mitchell J, Crosby R, Cao L, and Johnson J. Mood States Preceding and Following Compulsive Buying Episodes: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. Psychiatry Research. 2012; 200: 575-80.
17
Otero-López J, Pol J. Compulsive Buying and the Five Factor Model of Personality: A Facet Analysis. Personality and Individual Differences. 2013; 55: 585-90.
18
Black DW, Shaw M, McCormick B, Bayless JD, Allena, J. Neuropsychological performance, impulsivity, ADHD symptoms, and novelty seeking in compulsive buying disorder. Psychiatry Research. 2012; 200(2): 581–587.
19
Biolcati R, Mancini G, Trombini E. Proneness to boredom and risk behaviors during adolescents’ free time. Psychological Reports. 2018; 121(2): 303-323.
20
Elhai JD, Vasquez JK, Lustgarten SD, Levine JC, Hal BJ. Proneness to boredom mediates relationships between problematic smartphone use with depression and anxiety severity. Social Science Computer Review. 2018; 36(6): 707-720.
21
Unsalan M. Stimulating factors of impulse buying behavior: A literature review. Gazi University Journal of Faculty and Economics and Administrative Sciences. 2018; 18(2): 572-593.
22
Moynihan AB, Igou ER, van Tilburg WA. Boredom increases impulsiveness. Social Psychology. 2017; 48: 1-56.
23
Van Hooft EAJ, Van Hooft MLM. The state of boredom: Frustrating or depressing? Motivation and Emot 2018; 42(6): 931–946.
24
Harris MB. Correlates and characteristics of boredom proneness and boredom. Journal of Applied Social Psychol. 2000; 30:576–598.
25
Struk A. , Carriereogy, J. S., Cheyne, J. A., & Danckert, J. (2017). A short boredom proneness scale: Development and psychometric properties. Assessment. 24(3), 346-359,
26
Sundstrom M, Hjelm-Lidholm S, Radon A. Clicking the boredom away- Exploring impulse fashion buying behavior online. Journal of Retailing and Consumers Services. 2019; 47: 150-156.
27
Bozaci I. The effect of boredom proneness on smartphone addiction and impulse purchasing: A field study with young consumers in Turkey. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business. 2020; 7(7): 509 – 517.
28
Aruna S, Santhi P. Impulse purchase behavior among generation-Y. Journal of Marketing Management. 2015; 14(1): 21-38.
29
Dal Mas DE. Wittmann BC. Avoiding boredom: Caudate and insula activity reflects boredom-elicited purchase bias. Cortex. 2017; 92: 57-69,
30
Mrad M, Cui CC. Comorbidity of compulsive buying and brand addiction: An examination of two types of addictive consumption. Journal of Business Res 2020; 113: 399-408.
31
Rezazadeh Z, Hossein Sabet F, Sohrabi Predicting Adolescents' Resiliency Rate Based on Parenting Styles Mediated by the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2020; 14(3): 136-142.
32
Fahlman SA, Mercer-Lynn KB, Flora DB, Eastwood JD. Development and validation of the multidimensional state boredom scale. Assessment Journal. 2011; 20(1): 68-85
33
Ridgway NM, Kukar-Kinney M, Monroe KB. An expanded conceptualization and a new measure of compulsive buying. Journal of Consumer Research. 2008; 35(4): 622-639.
34
Beck AT, Steer RA and Brown GK. Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 1996.
35
Beck AT, Steer RA, Ball R, Ranieri W. Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment. 1996; 67 (3): 588–597.
36
37. Dadfarnia S, Hadianfard H, Rahimi C, Aflakseir A. Emotion Regulation Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder Comorbid with Major Depressive Disorder: A Case Study. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2019; 13(2): 68-72.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Academic Motivation among Postgraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Among different variables affecting students' performance, academic motivation is one of the most vital factors. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and academic motivation in postgraduate nursing students.Method: A total of 220 postgraduate nursing students were selected from 10 nursing schools in a cross-sectional study using multistage randomized sampling with replacement in 2014-2015. The Rosenberg Self-esteem Questionnaire and the Academic Motivation Scale of Vallerand were the data collection tools. A hierarchical regression model was used in seven blocks for evaluating the demographic, educational, familial, social, and spiritual well-being course characteristics.Results: According to the results, postgraduate students in nursing had low self-esteem (13.968) and moderate academic motivation (128.318). The correlation between self-esteem and academic motivation was 0.313 with a t-statistic of 4.874 at a significant positive level (p <0.001). The spiritual well-being course (P <0.0001) (as an educational variable) had a significant impact on academic motivation with an average increase in self-esteem.Conclusion: Self-esteem should be considered as a criterion for screening applicants for master's degrees given the sensitivity of nursing postgraduate students' personal and occupational performance. Since the spiritual well-being course affects self-esteem, introducing cultural patterns and interventions in this field can be associated with increasing students ’self-esteem.
https://www.behavsci.ir/article_134296_85b96d30b88519659a6df305f6d4390a.pdf
2021-08-01
113
119
10.30491/ijbs.2021.262883.1447
Self-esteem
Academic motivation
Master of Nursing
Cross-Sectional study
Amir
Vahedian-Azimi
amirvahedian63@gmail.com
1
Trauma Research Center, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Malihe-Sadat
Moayed
msmoayed@gmail.com
2
Trauma Research Center, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
L. Deci And R. M. Ryan, "The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology," American Cancer Society, 2010.
1
Bostanpira And H. Shahrakipur, "Relationship of Information Literacy with Motivation and Academic Achievement of Agriculture and Natural Resources Students with other Graduate Students at the University of Sistan and Baluchestan," 2017.
2
Kim, Y. Hur, J. H. Park, S. Kim, Y. Hur, And J. H. Park, "The Correlation Between Achievement Goals, Learning Strategies, and Motivation in Medical Students," Korean Journal of Medical Education, Vol. 26, No. 1, Pp. 19-24, 2014.
3
Jolehar And S. Farhadi, "First to Third Year Student’s Motivation in Dental School, Islamic Azad University of Tehran and its Relationship with the Relevant Factors," Res Dent Sci, Vol. 15, No. 1, Pp. 49-55, 2018.
4
Rafii, M. Saeedi, And S. Parvizy, "Academic Motivation in Nursing Students: A Hybrid Concept Analysis," Iranian Journal Of Nursing And Midwifery Research, Vol. 24, No. 5, P. 315, 2019.
5
S. Frey, F. Homberg, and M. Osterloh, "Organizational Control Systems and Pay-for-Performance in The Public Service," Organization Studies, Vol. 34, No. 7, Pp. 949-972, 2013.
6
K. Christensen, L. Paarlberg, And J. L. Perry, "Public Service Motivation Research: Lessons For Practice," Public Administration Review, Vol. 77, No. 4, Pp. 529-542, 2017.
7
Hassankhani, A. M. Aghdam, A. Rahmani, And Z. Mohammadpoorfard, "The Relationship Between Learning Motivation And Self Efficacy Among Nursing Students," Research And Development In Medical Education, Vol. 4, No. 1, Pp. 97-101, 2014.
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Yardimci, M. Bektaş, N. Özkütük, G. K. Muslu, G. Ö. Gerçeker, And Z. Başbakkal, "A Study Of The Relationship Between The Study Process, Motivation Resources, And Motivation Problems Of Nursing Students In Different Educational Systems," Nurse Education Today, Vol. 48, Pp. 13-18, 2017.
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Raeisoon, Y. Mohammadi, M. Abdorazaghnejad, and G. Sharifzadeh, "An Investigation of The Relationship Between Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Academic Achievement of Students In The Nursing-Midwifery Faculty in Qaen During 2012-13 Academic Year," Modern Care Journal, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2014.
10
Soufi, E. S. Damirchi, N. Sedghi, and B. Sabayan, "Development of Structural Model for Prediction of Academic Achievement by Global Self-Esteem, Academic Self-Concept, Self-Regulated Learning Strategies and Autonomous Academic Motivation," Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 114, Pp. 26-35, 2014.
11
Moradi, M. Karami, R. Ghanei Gheshlagh, M. Nemati, And F. Dehvan, "Evaluation of The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Academic Success in Nursing Students of Kurdistan University Of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran In 2018," Scientific Journal Of Nursing, Midwifery And Paramedical Faculty, Vol. 4, No. 2, Pp. 71-78, 2018.
12
Gürhan, B. Kaya, A. A. Özbaş, E. Kabataş, C. Sahin, And H. Doğan, "The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Psychological Symptoms for University Students," International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 1, Pp. 11-15, 2017.
13
Liu, X. Zhang, R. Chang, And W. Wang, "A Research Regarding The Relationship Among Intensive Care Nurses' Self-Esteem, Job Satisfaction and Subjective Well-Being," International Journal Of Nursing Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 3, Pp. 291-295, 2017.
14
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C. Harris, "Ecological Factors as Predictors of Teachers' Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Instructing," Capella University, 2017.
16
Chen, "The Effects Of A 10-Week Interpersonal Relationships Intervention on Self-Esteem in College Students," Neuroquantology, Vol. 16, No. 6, 2018.
17
Moltafet, "Direct And Indirect Effect of Personality Traits on Hope: The Mediating Role of Academic Motivation," International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 4, Pp. 167-172, 2020, Doi: 10.30491/Ijbs.2020.104920.
18
J. Vallerand, L. G. Pelletier, M. R. Blais, N. M. Briere, C. Senecal, And E. F. Vallieres, "The Academic Motivation Scale: A Measure Of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, And Amotivation In Education," Educational And Psychological Measurement, Vol. 52, No. 4, Pp. 1003-1017, 1992.
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21
Hakim, N. Azimi, M. Latifi, And H. Ghalvandi, "Nursing Students Viewpoints about Educational Motivation and its Related Factors in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences," Research in Medical Education, Vol. 7, No. 1, Pp. 35-44, 2015.
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23
M. M. Elbsuony, "Correlation Between Academic Motivation to Study Nursing and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Nursing Students," Journal of American Science, Vol. 12, No. 12, Pp. 95-103, 2016.
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26
Jamalpour, Y. Madmoli, M. Madmoli, M. Khodadadi, And S. Bosak, "The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Depression with Academic Achievement in Nursing and Anesthesia Students in Dezful University of Medical Sciences," Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, Vol. 7, No. 3, Pp. 113-117, 2019.
27
He, Y.-F. Ma, K.-S. Zhang, And Y.-X. Wang, "Self-Esteem Enhancement As A Strategy for Promoting The Mental Health and Averting The Occupational Problems Of Nurses," Frontiers of Nursing, Vol. 6, No. 1, Pp. 59-65, 2019.
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33
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34
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35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Causal Model of Couple Burnout Based on Irrational Relationship Beliefs, Non-adaptive Strategies of Cognitive Emotion Regulation, and Psychological Capital
Introduction: The present research was aimed to explain the causal model of couple burnout based on irrational relationship beliefs, non-adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation, and psychological capital.Method: The method was descriptive-correlational. The sample included 300 married women living in Tehran that were selected through the convenient sampling method. To collect data, Couple Burnout Measure (CBM; 1996), Relationship Beliefs Inventory (RBI; 1982), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; 2006), and Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ; 2011) were used. Data analysis was done by the path analysis method.Results: Firstly, the fitness indices indicated that the model did not have sufficient fitness. However, the modification indices indicated that there was a correlation between the residuals of non-adaptive strategies and psychological capital. The modified model had very high fitness (GFI=0.988, AGFI=0.951, CFI= 0.976, RMSEA=0.045, RMR=0.048). Totally, this model could explain the 22.8% variance of couple burnout (p<0.05).Conclusion: The present research provided some evidence in the support of the impact of irrational relationship beliefs, non-adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation, and psychological capital on the couple burnout. Therefore, the results of the present research can be used in the couple therapy interventions to enrich couples’ relationships and also promoting the quality of the family system.
https://www.behavsci.ir/article_134297_59a5155052698b8ff1d6a29d7b0f7f60.pdf
2021-08-10
120
126
10.30491/ijbs.2021.263310.1448
Couple burnout
Irrational Relationship Beliefs
Non-adaptive Strategies of Cognitive Emotion Regulation
psychological capital
Married women
Nazanin
Fatehi
fatehi.nazanin1995@gmail.com
1
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Kachooei
kachooei.m@gmail.com
2
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Motahareh
Gholami-Hosnaroudi
moti.gholami1996@gmail.com
3
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mondol J. Marital Adjustment: Extension of psychophysical well-being. India: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2014.
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Abbott BV. Emotion dysregulation and re-regulation: Predictors of relationship intimacy and distress: Texas A&M University; 2005.
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Yelsma P, Sherilyn M, Marrow S. An examination of couples' difficulties with emotional expressiveness and their marital satisfaction. The Journal of Family Communication. 2003;3(1):41-62.
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Omidifar H, Pourebrahim T, Khoshkonesh A, Moradi A. The comparison and relationship between emotional self-regulation with marital burnout and intimacy in one-career and dual-career couples in governmental offices. Journal of Career and Organization Consulting. 2016;8(26):50-67. [In Persian]
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Emadi S, Mirhashemi M, Pashasharifi H. A structural model for prediction of couple burnout based on sensation seeking, perfectionism and emotion regulation strategies with the mediation of resiliency in married women. Journal of psychologicalscience. 2020;19(92):1011-1022. [In Persian]
16
Kizildag S,Vatan S. Investigation Of Attachment And Emotion Regulation Characteristics On The Prediction Of Married Individuals’ Couple Burnout . Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2016(24):1069-1094.
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Vickery CE, Dorjee D. Mindfulness training in primary schools decreases negative affect and increases meta-cognition in children. Frontiers in Psychology. 2016;6:2025.
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Luthans F, Youssef-Morgan CM. Psychological capital: An evidence-based positive approach. Annual review of organizational psychology and organizational behavior. 2017;4:339-366.
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Zeineddin H, Farrokhi NA, Azar Z. Mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between personality features with marital adjustment in students. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2018;12(3):439-62. [In Persian]
21
Golparvar M, Ghasemi M, Mosahebi M. Role Patterns of Psychological Capital Factors on Life and Marital Satisfaction amongWar Survivor's Wives in Shahrekord City. Journal of Women's Studies Socialogical and Psychological. 2014;12(1):119-140. [In Persian]
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27
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28
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34
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35
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41
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Prediction of Psychological Well-Being Based on Gratitude, Social Support and Self-Esteem
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of psychological well-being based on gratitude, social support and self-esteem among students.
Method: This research was a non-experimental and correlation study. The statistical population of the study included all bachelor students of Yasouj University in the academic year of 2019-2020, among whom 360 were selected through a random cluster sampling method. Data were collected using Gratitude Questionnaire, Social Support Scale, Self-esteem Scale and Psychological Wellbeing Scale. Cronbach's alpha was applied to check the reliability in which the results indicated an appropriate reliability for these scales.
Results: The findings of this study showed that there was a correlation between variables including gratitude, social support, self-esteem and psychological well-being. In addition, gratitude, social support and self-esteem significantly predicted psychological well-being.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study it can be concluded that grateful people who have social support, with high self-esteem experience a higher level of psychological well-being.
https://www.behavsci.ir/article_134300_b4959045732b049f3e5920008fe1c495.pdf
2021-08-10
127
132
10.30491/ijbs.2021.266815.1455
Gratitude
Social Support
Self-esteem
Psychological Well-Being
Ghavam
Moltafet
moltafet@yu.ac.ir
1
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Yasouj, Yasouj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zeinab
Sharifi
zeinabsharifi@ymail.com
2
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Yasouj, Yasouj, Iran
AUTHOR
Tamanaeifar M, Salami Mohammadabadi F, Dashtbanzadeh S. Investigating the relationship between psychological well-being and social support and happiness.Behavioral Sciences. 2013;5(18):53-74.
1
Aghababaei N, Farahani H. The role of trait gratitude in predicting psychological and subjective well-being. Developmental Pscychology Iranian Psychologist. 2012;8(29):75-85.
2
Liu J, Gong P, Gao X, Zhou X. The association between well-being and the COMT gene: Dispositional gratitude and forgiveness as mediators. Journal of affective disorders. 2017;214:115-21.
3
Manoochehri A, Behroozi N, Shehni Yeylagh M, Maktabi G. Testing the model of the relationship between positive perfectionism and negative life events with coping styles and psychological well-being: The mediating role of psychological capital Developmental Pscychology Iranian Psychologist. 2019;15(60):419-34.
4
Mehrotra S, Tripathi R, Banu H. Psychological well-being: Reflections on an elusive construct and its assessment. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. 2013;39(2):189-95.
5
Chan DW. Subjective well-being of Hong Kong Chinese teachers: The contribution of gratitude, forgiveness, and the orientations to happiness. Teaching and Teacher Education. 2013;32:22-30.
6
Ryff CD. Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics. 2014;83(1):10-28.
7
McCullough ME, Emmons RA, Tsang JA. The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002;82(1):112–27.
8
Froh JJ, Yurkewicz C, Kashdan TB. Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences. Journal of adolescence. 2009;32(3):633-50.
9
Yu H, Gao X, Zhou Y, Zhou X. Decomposing gratitude: representation and integration of cognitive antecedents of gratitude in the brain. Journal of Neuroscience. 2018;38(21):4886-98.
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Grant AM, Gino F. A little thanks goes a long way: Explaining why gratitude expressions motivate prosocial behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology. 2010;98(6):946-55.
11
Măirean C, Turliuc MN, Arghire D. The relationship between trait gratitude and psychological wellbeing in university students: The mediating role of affective state and the moderating role of state gratitude. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2019;20(5):1359-77.
12
Geng Y. Gratitude mediates the effect of emotional intelligence on subjective well-being: A structural equation modeling analysis. Journal of health psychology. 2018;23(10):1378-86.
13
Sadoghi M, Hesampour F. Predicting Psychological Well-Being Based on Gratitude and Meaning in Life among Medical Sciences Students. Medical Ethics Journal. 2018;11(42):79-89.
14
Ramzan N, Rana SA. Expression of gratitude and subjective well-being among university teachers. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 2014;21(5):756-62.
15
Wood AM, Joseph S, Maltby J. Gratitude predicts psychological well-being above the Big Five facets. Personality and Individual differences. 2009;46(4):443-7.
16
Tavan B, Jahani F, Rafeei M. The relationship between self-esteem and happiness among students of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2014;14(6):474-82.
17
Rajabi GR, Alibazi H, Jamali A, Abassi G. Relationship between self-esteem, social support with mental health in Shahid Chamran University students of Ahvaz. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies. 2015;12(21):83-104.
18
Menon M. Self-esteem: An Evolutionary-Developmental Approach. World Scientific News. 2017(66):225-37.
19
Moradi M, Hosen Chari M, Solemani Khashab A, Dehghani Zadeh M. Predicting the dimensions of students' psychological well-being based on the dimensions of attachment style and self-esteem. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies. 2014;11(20):135-74.
20
Beshlideh K, Sheykh Shabani S, Designing and testing a model of precedents and outcomes of psychological empowerment. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2014;8(4):383-94.
21
Kazemi majd Z, Kazemi majd S, Mohammadi GA, Jabari N. Study on the effect of spiritual well- being on the self- esteem and happiness of student –teachers (teacher training university in Gorgan-2017)
22
Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal (RRJ). 2019;7(12):115-28.
23
Odacı H, Kınık Ö. Evaluation of early adolescent subjective well-being in terms of submissive behavior and self-esteem. Journal of Social Service Research. 2019;45(4):558-69.
24
Yang Q, Tian L, Huebner ES, Zhu X. Relations among academic achievement, self-esteem, and subjective well-being in school among elementary school students: A longitudinal mediation model. School Psychology. 2019;34(3):328-40.
25
Han JH. The effects of Leisure activity, Self esteem, Achievement on Mental Wellbeing among the Aged. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 2018;19(11):645-52.
26
Brajsa-Zganec A, Lipovcan LK, Ivanovic D, Larsen ZP. Well-being of nursing students: role of affect regulation, self-esteem, family cohesion and social support. The Open Public Health Journal. 2017;10(1):69-79.
27
Fang L, Zha Y-y, Liang H-y, Yang C, Zheng X. Relationship among serf-concept clarity, social support, self-esteem and subjective well-being in secondary vocational school students. Chinese Mental Health Journal. 2017;31(11):896-901.
28
Ghaedi G, Yaaghoobi H. A study on the relationship between different dimensions of perceived social support and different aspects of well being university students. Armaghane-danesh. 2008;13(2):69-81.
29
Papadopoulos K, Papakonstantinou D, Koutsoklenis A, Koustriava E, Kouderi V. Social support, social networks, and happiness of individuals with visual impairments. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin. 2015;58(4):240-9.
30
Rajabi G. The study of psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale Perceived Social Support. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2012;5(4):357-64.
31
Ansari O, Shafipour V, Heidari Gorji MA, Mohammadpour RA. association between subjective wellbeing and perceived social support and spiritual well-being in hemodialysis patients. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2018;28(166):140-50.
32
Dashtbozorgi Z, Homaei R. The relationship between self-compassion, social support and hope with subjective well-being of nursing students. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research. 2018;12(51):37-44.
33
Rezaei Varmazyar M. The relationship between perceived social support with psychological well-being: the mediator role of developmental assets. Developmental Pscychology Iranian Psychologist. 2018;15(58):175-88.
34
Arslan G. Social exclusion, social support and psychological wellbeing at school: A study of mediation and moderation effect. Child indicators research. 2018;11(3):897-918.
35
Shakespeare-Finch J, Rees A, Armstrong D. Social support, self-efficacy, trauma and well-being in emergency medical dispatchers. Social Indicators Research. 2015;123(2):549-65.
36
Ammar D, Nauffal D, Sbeity R. The role of perceived social support in predicting subjective wellbeing in Lebanese college students. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being. 2013;1(2):121-34.
37
Kadkhodaee M, Azadfallah P, Farahani H. Construction and validation of the women's psychological well-being scale. Developmental Pscychology Iranian Psychologist. 2019;16(61):23-36.
38
Ghamarani A, Kajbaf MB, Oreyzi HR, Amiri S. The study of the validity and reliability of the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6) in high school students. Journal of Research in Psychological Health. 2009;3(1):77-86.
39
Mehri Nejad SA, Ramezan Saatchi L, Paydar S. Death anxiety and its relationship with social support and adherence to religion in the elderly. Iranian journal of Ageing. 2017;11(4):494-503.
40
Allen S. The science of gratitude: John Templeton Foundation; 2018.
41
Tudge JR, Freitas LB, O'Brien LT. The virtue of gratitude: A developmental and cultural approach. Human development. 2015;58(4-5):281-300.
42
Desiningrum DR. Family’s social support and psychological well-being of the elderly in tembalang. Anima, Indonesian Psychological Journal. 2010;26(1):61-8.
43
Akbar H. Role of Perceived Social Support, Perceived Competency and Self Esteem on the Emotional Intelligence of the University Students of Southern Punjab 2017.
44
Hellfeldt K, López-Romero L, Andershed H. Cyberbullying and psychological well-being in young adolescence: the potential protective mediation effects of social support from family, friends, and teachers. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(1):45.
45
Fallah Chai S, Fallahi M. Comparison of mental health, psychological well-being and self-esteem of women and girls in Shiraz. Journal of Woman and Study of Family. 2017;9(34):143-65.
46
van Zelst C, Van Nierop M, Oorschot M, Myin-Germeys I, van Os J, Delespaul P. Stereotype awareness, self-esteem and psychopathology in people with psychosis. PloS one. 2014;9(2):e88586.
47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relationship between Social Loneliness and Psychological Well-being in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: The Moderating Role of Self-compassion
Introduction: Loneliness is a common experience in people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) which is associated with significant psychological consequences. Therefore, it is important to examine the psychological status of these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the moderating role of self-compassion in the relationship between social loneliness with psychological well-being in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Method: For this descriptive-correlational study, 200 patients with MS were selected by a convenience sampling method in the years 2019-2020. Data was collected by social loneliness of Besharat MA (2018), Self-compassion Scale of Neff KD (2003), and Psychological Well-Being Scales of Ryff's (1989). The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (hierarchical method) were used for data analysis and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between social loneliness with psychological well-being and self-compassion. There was a significant positive correlation between psychological well-being and self-compassion. On the other hand, the results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that self-compassion moderates the relationship between social loneliness and psychological well-being.
Conclusion: Findings revealed that self-compassion can protect people with MS from the negative psychological and social consequences associated with the disease. Therefore, self- compassion can be used as a factor in adapting to the disease and improving psychosocial health.
https://www.behavsci.ir/article_134294_c76738469333ada77aabd4e429de7514.pdf
2021-08-10
133
137
10.30491/ijbs.2021.260900.1431
Multiple Sclerosis
Psychological Well-Being
Social Loneliness
Social isolation
self-compassion
Mohsen
Kachooei
kachooei.m@gmail.com
1
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mitra
Ashori
mitraashori217@gmail.com
2
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Dendrou CA, Fugger L, Friese MA. Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2015;15(9):545-58.
1
Takbiri S, Naziri G. Comparison of Cognitive and Linguistic Functions among Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Controls. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2020;14(1):40-4.
2
Abdollahi F, Tayebi Myaneh Z, Rashvand F. The Relationship between Perception of Illness and Health-related Behaviors in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of Health and Care. 2019;21(2):145-55. eng.
3
Balto JM, Pilutti LA, Motl RW. Loneliness in Multiple Sclerosis: Possible Antecedents and Correlates. Rehabilitation Nursing Journal. 2019;44(1):52-9.
4
Mahmoodi H. Comparison of perceived social support and self-compassion among patients with multiple sclerosis and normal people. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY. 2018;7(25):21-34.
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Reyes S, Suarez S, Allen‐Philbey K, Thomson A, Giovannoni G. The impact of social capital on patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 2020;142(1):58-65.
7
Barker AB, das Nair R, Lincoln NB, Hunt N. Social identity in people with multiple sclerosis: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Social Care and Neurodisability. 2014;5(4):256.
8
Bhagchandani RK. Effect of loneliness on the psychological well-being of college students. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity. 2017;7(1):60.
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10
Kiliçkaya C, Asi Karakaş S. The effect of illness perception on loneliness and coping with stress in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2016;9(2):481.
11
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Khanjani M, Shahidi S, Fathabadi J, Mazaheri MA, Shokri O. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being, short form (18-item) among male and female students. Thoughts and Behavior in Clinical Psychology. 2014;9(32):27-36.
14
DiTommaso E, Spinner B. The development and initial validation of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA). Personality and Individual Differences. 1993;14(1):127-34.
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22
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23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence and Clinical Presentations of Postpartum Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Iranian Pregnant Women
Introduction: Pregnancy, childbirth, and maternity are correlated with the heightened risk of the evolvement of postpartum obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This study aimed to inquire about the prevalence rate, clinical presentations, and relevant factors of postpartum Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms (OCS).
Method: This cross-sectional study evaluated OCD in the postpartum period of women referred to the Imam Hospital in Sari, Mazandaran province, Iran. The sample population included 359 pregnant women who delivered their babies during the first half of 2018. The samples were taken using the convenience sampling method. Patients who scored 12 or higher in the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory completed the Yale-Browne Obsessive-Compulsive Scale self-report, and the Life Event Checklist were included in the study. Finally, data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24.
Results: The 359 mothers were in the range of 14 to 35 years old. Accordingly, 62.1% (223) were urban women while 37.9% (136) were rural, 20.6% (74) had preterm infants, 56.8% (204) term infants, and 22.3% (80) were post-term. Maudsley’s test showed that 48.5% (174) of the mothers had a positive OCD result. The total scorein Yale-Brown was significant, and had a reverse correlation with the mother’s residency (t = -173, p = 0.02) and significant correlation with the age of a pregnancy (t = 269, p= 0.001(.
Conclusion: According to the results of the Maudsley test, women are at risk of OCD during the postpartum period. Actually, OCD affects the mother-baby relation, mother’s anxiety, and depression and should be addressed during womens’ postpartum clinical care.
https://www.behavsci.ir/article_134295_d81b6daa94582ba24c19a182e1e8e5a5.pdf
2021-08-01
138
143
10.30491/ijbs.2021.262639.1445
clinical presentations
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Postpartum
Prevalence
Abbas
Masoudzadeh
masoudzadeh@yahoo.com
1
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hooman
Faghih-Nasiri
homman_faghih@yahoo.com
2
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
AUTHOR
Reza-ali
Mohamadpour
mohammadpour2002@yahoo.com
3
Department of Biostatistics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Shahrbanoo
Jafari
sh.jafari@gmail.com
4
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Yazdan
Naderi-Rajeh
yazdan.nr66@yahoo.com
5
Department of clinical psychology, University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hodgson RJ, Rachman S. Obsessional-compulsive complaints. Behaviour research and therapy. 1977;15(5):389-95.
1
House SJ, Tripathi SP, Knight BT, Morris N, Newport DJ, Stowe ZN. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnancy and the postpartum period: course of illness and obstetrical outcome. Archives of ’ ’women’s mental health. 2016;19(1):3-10.
2
Russell EJ, Fawcett JM, Mazmanian D. Risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnant and postpartum women: a meta-analysis. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2013;74(4):377-85.
3
Ali E. Women’s experiences with postpartum anxiety disorders: a narrative literature review. International journal of ’ ’women’s health. 2018;10:237.
4
Miller ES, Hoxha D, Wisner KL, Gossett DR. Obsessions and compulsions in postpartum women without obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of ’ ’Women’s Health. 2015;24(10):825-30.
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Wenzel A, Haugen E, Jackson L, Robinson K. Prevalence of generalized anxiety at eight weeks postpartum. Archives of ’ ’women’s mental health. 2003;6(1):43-9.
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Zambaldi CF, Cantilino A, Montenegro AC, Paes JA, de Albuquerque TLC, Sougey EB. Postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence and clinical characteristics. Comprehensive psychiatry. 2009;50(6):503-9.
7
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8
Maina G, Albert U, Bogetto F, Vaschetto P, Ravizza L. Recent life events and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD): the role of pregnancy/delivery. Psychiatry Research. 1999;89(1):49-58.
9
Speisman BB, Storch EA, Abramowitz JS. Postpartum obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing. 2011;40(6):680-90.
10
Arnold LM. A case series of women with postpartum-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry. 1999;1(4):103.
11
McGuinness M, Blissett J, Jones C. OCD in the perinatal period: is postpartum OCD (ppOCD) a distinct subtype? A review of the literature. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. 2011;39(3):285-310.
12
Labad J, Alonso P, Segalas C, Real E, Jimenez S, Bueno B, et al. Distinct correlates of hoarding and cleaning symptom dimensions in relation to onset of obsessive–compulsive disorder at menarche or the perinatal period. Archives of ’ ’women’s mental health. 2010;13(1):75-81.
13
Uguz F, Ayhan MG. Epidemiology and clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder during pregnancy and postpartum period: a review. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. 2011;1(4):178.
14
Neziroglu F, Anemone R, Yaryura-Tobias JA. Onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnancy. The American journal of psychiatry. 1992;149(7):947-50.
15
Kalra H, Tandon R, kumar Trivedi J, Janca A. Pregnancy-induced obsessive compulsive disorder: a case report. Annals of General Psychiatry. 2005;4(1):12.
16
Namouz-Haddad S, Nulman I. Safety of treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder in pregnancy and puerperium. Canadian Family Physician. 2014;60(2):133-6.
17
Edwards LJ. Postpartum Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Depression: Faces of Helpless Caregiving: Mills College; 2019.
18
Miller ES, Chu C, Gollan J, Gossett DR. Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms during the postpartum period. The Journal of reproductive medicine. 2013;58(3-4):115.
19
Sternberger LG, Burns GL. Maudsley obsessional-compulsive inventory: obsessions and compulsions in a non-clinical sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1990;28(4):337-40.
20
Ghassemzadeh H, Khamseh A, Ebrahimkhani N. Demographic variables and clinical features of obsessivecompulsive disorder in Iranian patients. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Research. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc; 2005.
21
Holmes TH, Rahe RH. The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of psychosomatic research. 1967.
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Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Delgado P, Heninger GR, et al. The yale-brown obsessive compulsive scale: II. Validity. Archives of general psychiatry. 1989;46(11):1012-6.
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VAFAEI B. Evaluation of the relation between life stresses and blood neoplastic diseases in males and females aged between 30 and 50. 2000.
25
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26
Rajab Dizavandi F, Salar Haji A, Kordi M, Vaghei N, Vaghee S. Comparing the Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Pre-pregnancy, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Period among Women of reproductive age. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health. 2019;7(3):1806-14.
27
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Mindfulness-based Group Therapy on Aggression and Resilience of Suburban Children in Mashhad
Introduction: Given the effect of low socio-economic status of marginalized residents on children's behavioral and emotional problems, it is important to take measures to strengthen resilience and reduce aggression in children. This paper aims to determine the effect of mindfulness-based group therapy on resilience and aggression of children in the suburbs of Mashhad.
Method: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 elementary school students aged 8-12 years referred to the social worker and psychology clinic in Sayyedi district of Mashhad in 2019-2020. They were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The intervention group received mindfulness-based group therapy using Kabat-Zinn's (2003) approach over 8 sessions of 90 min while the control group was placed on a waiting list. Data collection tools included the Social-Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale (SEARS) as well as the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 22 software and MANCOVA test.
Results: The results showed that mindfulness-based group therapy could significantly improve resilience and reduce aggression in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Mindfulness-based group therapy can be effective in mitigating aggression and enhancing resilience of children in the suburbs of Mashhad.
https://www.behavsci.ir/article_134299_dc6d697ac2ce3decba6dc2b909208474.pdf
2021-08-10
144
149
10.30491/ijbs.2021.266056.1453
Mindfulness
Marginalization
suburbs
aggression
Resilience
children
Faezeh
Mojarad
parnianmohseni96@gmail.com
1
Department of Psychology, Torbat-e-Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e-Jam, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azita
Keshavarz
keshavarz@gmail.com
2
Department of Psychology, Torbat-e-Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e-Jam, Iran
AUTHOR
Mowat, J.G., Towards a new conceptualisation of marginalisation. European Educational Research Journal, 2015. 14(5): p. 454-476.
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