@article { author = {Azeez, Razaq and Babalola, Segun}, title = {Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy on Adolescents’ Aggressive Behavior}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {51-55}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-1194}, eissn = {2676-2900}, doi = {10.30491/ijbs.2020.203329.1143}, abstract = {Abstract Introduction: This study investigated the efficacy of cognitive behavioral group therapy on aggression among adolescents in secondary schools, Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Method: The study employed a pretest-post-test quasi-experimental research design. Participants included 160 secondary school adolescents from four randomly selected public secondary schools who were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups for this study. Aggressive Behavior Questionnaire by Buss and Perry was used to collect data for the participants. All the formulated hypotheses were tested using the Analysis of Covariant (ANCOVA). Results: Results revealed that the treatment was effective in treating adolescents’ aggressive behavior. Furthermore, findings revealed that the moderating variables (gender and socio-economic background) did not individually have significant effects on the aggressive behavior of adolescents. The two-way interaction of gender and socio-economic background had no significant effect on the criterion variable; and the three-way interaction of gender, socio-economic background and treatment were not significant. Conclusion: It is therefore recommended that cognitive behavioral group therapy can be adopted as an effective intervention strategy for addressing aggression among adolescents in secondary schools}, keywords = {Keywords: Aggression,Cognitive Behavioral group therapy,Gender,socio-economic background}, url = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111226.html}, eprint = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111226_10fe56c18f82f9ec375bef750cc4e611.pdf} } @article { author = {Purrezaian, Hoda and Besharat, Mohammad Ali and Koochakzadeh, Leili and Farahani, Hojatollah}, title = {An Experimental Comparative Study on the Effect Times of Three Art Based Psychotherapies in a Medical Setting}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {56-59}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-1194}, eissn = {2676-2900}, doi = {10.30491/ijbs.2020.206835.1156}, abstract = {Abstract: Introduction: Recently, a short-term hospitalization policy has been implemented to reduce the psychosocial consequences of illness. Nonetheless, psychosocial problems in patients persist. Therefore, in addition to the necessity of providing psychological services, the necessity of brief interventions is also important. So, the aim of the present study was to compare the effect times of the three psychotherapies. Method: The present research was undertook in an ex post facto design. After designing the art therapy, psychodrama and psycho-art-drama comparable protocols for the present study, 15 hospitalized children with cancer admitted to Children Medical Center (CMC) from November 2018 to February 2019 were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each of the protocols were applied for five participants. The measures of the present study included the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), the Child Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (CPASS), and the checklist of Bio-Psycho-Social Expressions of Incompatibility in Hospital (BPSEIH). The data analysis was performed by ANOVA test for comparing the effect times. Results: The findings revealed that psychodrama is the fastest psychotherapy with a lower effect time. Conclusion: It can be stated that considering the effect time is necessary to select a psychotherapy as well as the effect size.}, keywords = {Keywords: Art Therapy,cancer,effect time,psycho-art-drama,Psychodrama}, url = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111227.html}, eprint = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111227_f149cb936c20d9d8c1e52ec8355084f0.pdf} } @article { author = {Jahani, Sara and Bakhtiyar-Pour, Saeed and Makvandi, Behnam and Heidarie, Alireza and Ehteshamzadeh, Parvin}, title = {Effectiveness of Mindfulness on ‎Test ‎Anxiety and ‎Educational Well-‎being ‎in ‎Secondary School Female ‎Students}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {60-66}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-1194}, eissn = {2676-2900}, doi = {10.30491/ijbs.2020.208763.1166}, abstract = {Abstract Introduction: The present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness on ‎test ‎anxiety and ‎educational ‎well-‎being ‎in ‎secondary ‎school female ‎students. Method: The study has been conducted based on ‎a semi-experimental design of pretest-posttest type ‎with a control group and a follow up stage. Forty students were selected based on a purposive sampling method and were assigned to two groups: (control and experimental groups, Each containing 20 individuals) based on a simple randomized method One of the experimental group received mindfulness training for a period of 10 sessions, each lasting for 45 minutes (twice a week). Data analysis was conducted using Multivariate Covariance Analysis (MANCOVA) and ANCOVA’s single-variable analysis method‏ ‏using SPSS software. Results: The results of MANCOVA showed a positive and significant effect of mindfulness training on test anxiety and academic well-being ‎(p <0.01). Also, the results of treatment in the follow-up test were stable after one and a half months‎ (p <0.01). ‎ Conclusion: ‎ According to the findings of this study it can be stated that‎ mindfulness training can help reduce test anxiety and improve academic well-being.}, keywords = {Keywords: Mindfulness,test anxiety,Educational Well-being}, url = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111228.html}, eprint = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111228_59d966c97b901999d79ac81c09e963d9.pdf} } @article { author = {Erfani, Vahab and Goodarzi, Kourosh and Ebrahimi, Mohammadreza and Rouzbahani, Mehdi}, title = {The Effects of Ultrasound, Infrasound, and Electroconvulsive Stimulations on Depression-like Behavior in Mice}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {67-71}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-1194}, eissn = {2676-2900}, doi = {10.30491/ijbs.2020.111229}, abstract = {  Abstract Introduction: In the present study, the effects of ultrasound, infrasound, and electroconvulsive stimulation on depression-like behavior was assessed in animal models. Method: For carrying out this study, 60 male BALB/c mice (mean age of 60 days, weight range of 25 – 30 g) were randomly selected. Depression was induced using reserpine 0.1 mg/kg i.p. for 30 days.  They were allocated to three groups of experimental (ultrasound, infrasound, and electroconvulsive stimulation) and one group of control animals, each including 15 mice. Experimental animals received ultra- or infrasound 0.5 hours or 1 electroconvulsive pulse, daily for 10 days. Finally the Forced Swim Test was carried out. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the duration of immobility posture [F(3,54) = 99.54, P = 0.001]. Mean immobility time was significantly longer in the control group compared to the other groups. Also, immobility was significantly longer for electroconvulsive compared to the ultra- and infrasound groups. Group ultrasound showed longer immobility than group infrasound; however, the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Ultrasound and infrasound stimulations are capable of decreasing depression-like behavior in mice. The results of this study were also compatible with the application of electroconvulsive therapy. However, a more successful response can be exploited with ultra- and infrasound stimulations.}, keywords = {Keywords: Brain stimulation,depression,Electroconvulsive stimulation,Infrasound,Ultrasound}, url = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111229.html}, eprint = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111229_2ecafe2bf27432c7463f7dfb262c3d0b.pdf} } @article { author = {Firoozalizadeh, Mehri and Ashayeri, Hassan and Modarresi, Yahya and Kamali, Mohammad and Jahanitabesh, Azra}, title = {From Piagetian Theories of Cognitive Development to Conceptual Metaphor: A Study on Persian Children}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {72-78}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-1194}, eissn = {2676-2900}, doi = {10.30491/ijbs.2020.211937.1177}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Introduction: This study extends previous research regarding the metaphoric comprehension of normal children, as well as Piagetian theories of cognitive development. The researchers discuss how the understanding of ontological conceptual metaphors improves through age and cognitive development, and helps to expand children’s thoughts and knowledge from the world. Method: The current study is a correlational research. The participants of the study were selected by stratified sampling from different kindergarten and elementary schools. A hundred-twenty-one normal native Persian children with no language and cognitive disabilities with the age range of 5 to 13 participated in the study. To achieve the objectives of this study, an Individual Feature Questionnaire, a Raven IQ Test, a Word Recognition Task, a Semantic Features Task, and an Ontological Conceptual Metaphor Test including simple and complex metaphors were used. Finally, descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation were performed. Results: The results showed that children start to comprehend abstract concepts and primary ontological metaphors at the age of about five. Both boys and girls have performed better in metaphor comprehension as they grow older. Children, younger than six years old, could not comprehend complex types of metaphor but by growing older, they reached this ability. Conclusion: Children’s metaphorical comprehension improved progressively with age and cognitive development and as the children grew older, they understood more complex types of metaphors.}, keywords = {Keywords: Conceptual Metaphor,Ontological metaphor,Primary metaphor,Complex metaphor,Piaget Theories of cognitive development}, url = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111230.html}, eprint = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111230_4da62a0705a84ad858a6ea3ed0ff3a24.pdf} } @article { author = {Ebrahimi, Mohammad and Hamian, Zohreh and Yarahmadi, Yahya and Jadidi, Hooshang and Ahmadiyan, Hamzeh}, title = {The Effectiveness of Positive Psychology Training on the Resiliency and Job Satisfaction of Government Employees}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {79-84}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-1194}, eissn = {2676-2900}, doi = {10.30491/ijbs.2020.206270.1153}, abstract = {Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology training on the resiliency and job satisfaction of government employees in Hamadan province. Method: The statistical population of this quasi-experimental study consisted of all government employees of Hamadan province in spring 2019. From this statistical population, 30 individuals (15 in an experimental group, 15 in a control Group) were purposively selected as the subjects of the study and were randomly assigned into one control group and one experimental group. Pre-test and post-test were used to collect research data by two standard questionnaires: "Job Satisfaction Questionnaire" and "Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale ". Data analysis was done by SPSS software version 25 using analysis of covariance and MANCOVA. Results: The results showed that positive psychology training can optimize and increase resiliency and job satisfaction in adverse conditions (p <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, positive psychology training can be considered as an effective way to promote resiliency and job satisfaction of employees, and is recommended to increase their job satisfaction.}, keywords = {Keywords: Positive Psychology,Job Satisfaction,resiliency}, url = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111231.html}, eprint = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111231_a29446842d9b2c46dae02194c45aec12.pdf} } @article { author = {Tabik, Mohammad-Taghi and Fathi-Ashtiani, Ali and Janbozorgi, Masoud and Rasoolzade-Tabatabaee, Seyed-Kazem}, title = {Conceptual Model of Religious and Spiritual Struggles in Iran: A Qualitative Study}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {85-90}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-1194}, eissn = {2676-2900}, doi = {10.30491/ijbs.2020.214074.1184}, abstract = {Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to explore the conceptual model of religious and spiritual struggles among a Muslim sample by using qualitative method. Method: The current study was carried out by using the grounded theory. The purposive sampling method was applied and sampling continued until data saturation. Via In-depth, semi-structured phenomenological interview, 14 individuals with religious and spiritual problems were interviewed. Based on the standards of in-depth interview, with each individual, four 90-minute sessions were held to identify different dimensions of their experiences. Open-ended questions were used to accomplish the purpose of the interview. In addition, “clinical exercises” were used to elicit clients' religious and spiritual struggles. Results: Based on the findings of this study, religious and spiritual struggles have been divided into six categories: divine struggles, intrapersonal struggles, interpersonal struggles, supernatural struggles, struggle with some teachings of religion, and struggle with the effectiveness of religious institutions. Conclusion: There are different types of religious and spiritual struggles among Iranians. It is necessary to address religious and spiritual struggles, as many studies have reported a negative relationship between spiritual struggles and mental health. One practical implication of the present study is the necessity of constructing psychological interventions for spiritual and religious struggles in the Iranian society in order to improve well-being and mental health, especially among religious people.}, keywords = {Keywords: Religious and Spiritual Struggles,Qualitative study,health and well-being}, url = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111232.html}, eprint = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111232_17f709f630de23e04c5c3877f9044573.pdf} } @article { author = {Jagadeesan, Nandini}, title = {Potential Predictors of Psychological Distress During Nationwide Covid-19 Quarantine: An Exploratory Study}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {91-95}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-1194}, eissn = {2676-2900}, doi = {10.30491/ijbs.2020.229741.1263}, abstract = {Abstract Introduction: As the world is navigating unchartered territories on account of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), mental health professionals face grimmer challenges. In line with this, the present study aims to explore the potential risk factors that may exacerbate psychological distress among quarantined residents of Chennai city (Tamil Nadu, India). Method: A descriptive correlational research design was employed. The sample comprised of 231 individuals. Five standardised tools were employed to capture different psychological variables: (i) Body Vigilance Scale (ii) Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale- Revised (iii) Fatalism Scale (iv) Death Anxiety Scale- Revised and (v) Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Results: It was found that nearly 42% of the population was experiencing mild to severe psychological distress due to the COVID-19 quarantine. Exploration of various psychological variables showed that death anxiety, disgust sensitivity, and perception of luck are significant predictors of psychological distress in the prevailing situation. Conclusion: The results of the present study emphasize the need to move beyond the obvious factors that impair well-being during nationwide shutdowns to subtler, personality related factors such as sense of control and anxiety that can worsen mental health.}, keywords = {Key Words: COVID-19,Psychological distress,Body Vigilance,Disgust,fatalism,Death anxiety}, url = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111233.html}, eprint = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_111233_04d2627e1419dc6472b8721d8a5f3ca9.pdf} } @article { author = {Oguntayo, Rotimi and Olaseni, Oladele and Oyeleke, Johnson and Osinowo, Helen}, title = {Psycho-demographic Factors Influencing Social Well-being among Mobile Police Force}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {96-100}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-1194}, eissn = {2676-2900}, doi = {10.30491/ijbs.2020.112686}, abstract = {Introduction: There is overwhelming evidence in the increase of dysfunctional social well-being among service members returning from deployment, and this is culminating into a wide range of social challenges. The present study investigated the psycho-demographic factors influencing social well-being among mobile police force in Kwara State, Nigeria. Method: The study adopted a survey method utilizing an ex-post-facto design. The purposive sampling technique was used to sample 200 mobile police officers (152 males and 48 females). They completed a questionnaire pack which included-the Post-Deployment Readjustment Inventory Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Mental Health Continuum of Social Well-being-Short Form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, ANOVA and Multiple Regression. Results: Findings showed that emotion regulation has a positive relationship with social well-being. Also, age, emotion regulations and post-deployment stress as a whole significantly predicted social well-being among the sampled participants. However, emotion regulation independently predicted social well-being, though marital status did not significantly influence social well-being among the participants.  Conclusion: This study presented emotion regulation as a great predictor of social well-being. It is recommended that; emotion regulation should be built into the training and debriefing of mobile police before and after deployment to aid their better social well-being.}, keywords = {Keywords: Age,emotion regulation,Police,Post-deployment Stress,social well-being}, url = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_112686.html}, eprint = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_112686_c49f5a6d22257b006a44064c41f51e05.pdf} } @article { author = {Oguntayo, Rotimi and Oyeleke, Johnson and John-Oguntayo, Omolara and Aajayi-Hutchful, Folakemi}, title = {Personality Traits, Emotional Intelligence, Socio-contextual Factors and Spousal Violence: The Trajectory of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {101-107}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-1194}, eissn = {2676-2900}, doi = {10.30491/ijbs.2020.232959.1290}, abstract = {Introduction: Media has revealed several Spousal Violence (SV) during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Nigeria whereas researchers have not delved into reasons for this surge. This study investigated the psychosocial factors influencing SV during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Method: A web-based cross-sectional study utilizing snowballing sampling technique was adopted and participants were recruited in Lagos, Nigeria via social media platform, Facebook and WhatsApp using google form from March 30 to April 4, 2020. For this purpose, 356 participants consisting of 141-male and 215-female responded to the Big Five Personality Inventory, Trait Emotional Intelligence and Composite Abuse Scales. Results: Personality Traits (PT) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) jointly predicted SV [R=.267; R2=.077; F (6, 556), t=3.281, p < .01]. This is while, only patterns of neuroticism had independent significant prediction on SV with a positive impact [t=3.64, p < .01, β=.23]. Additionally, PT as a whole [t=2.54, p < .05, β=.22] and EI [t=2.31 p < .05, β=-.150] showed an independent prediction of SV (significantly) among the sampled participants with a negative impact. Also, the effect of living conditions [F=2.91, p <.05] and job status [F=4.912, p <.01] differ on SV among the selected participants. Conclusion: The study concluded that the surge in the SV outcomes during the COVID-19 crisis among Nigerians was caused by both psychological and socio-contextual factors. Therefore, better attention should be paid to psychological interventions and palliative measures during this pandemic or future lock-down.}, keywords = {personality traits,Emotional intelligence,Spousal Violence,Socio-contextual Factors}, url = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_113188.html}, eprint = {https://www.behavsci.ir/article_113188_eba940f4e69c1f2713617f0f123abd4d.pdf} }